Sticking together: building a biofilm the Bacillus subtilis way
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This Review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that control B. subtilis biofilm assembly, and then briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding biofilm disassembly.Abstract:
Biofilms are ubiquitous communities of tightly associated bacteria encased in an extracellular matrix. Bacillus subtilis has long served as a robust model organism to examine the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation, and a number of studies have revealed that this process is regulated by several integrated pathways. In this Review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that control B. subtilis biofilm assembly, and then briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding biofilm disassembly. We also discuss recent progress that has expanded our understanding of B. subtilis biofilm formation on plant roots, which are a natural habitat for this soil bacterium.read more
Citations
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Activated ClpP kills persisters and eradicates a chronic biofilm infection
Brian P. Conlon,Ernesto S. Nakayasu,Ernesto S. Nakayasu,Laura E. Fleck,Michael D. LaFleur,Vincent M. Isabella,Ken Coleman,Steven N. Leonard,Richard D. Smith,Joshua N. Adkins,Kim Lewis +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that ADEP4-activated ClpP becomes a fairly nonspecific protease and kills persisters by degrading over 400 proteins, forcing cells to self-digest, indicating a general principle for killing dormant cells—activation and corruption of a target, rather than conventional inhibition.
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Biofilm Matrixome: Extracellular Components in Structured Microbial Communities
TL;DR: It is emphasized that targeting biofilm-specific conditions such as the matrixome could lead to precise and effective antibiofilm approaches, and the need for more in-depth analyses of the EPS matrix in mixed communities that are associated with many human infectious diseases is discussed.
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Giving structure to the biofilm matrix: an overview of individual strategies and emerging common themes
TL;DR: Experimental techniques that are allowing the boundaries of the understanding of the biofilm matrix to be extended using Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus subtilis are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial solutions to multicellularity: a tale of biofilms, filaments and fruiting bodies.
TL;DR: The strategies that are used by bacteria to form and grow inMulticellular structures that have hallmark features of multicellularity, including morphological differentiation, programmed cell death and patterning are discussed.
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Biofilms, flagella, and mechanosensing of surfaces by bacteria
TL;DR: This review explores six bacterial species as models of flagellar mechanosensing of surfaces to understand the current state of the authors' knowledge and the challenges that lie ahead.
References
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The biofilm matrix
TL;DR: The functions, properties and constituents of the EPS matrix that make biofilms the most successful forms of life on earth are described.
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Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases.
TL;DR: It is evident that biofilm formation is an ancient and integral component of the prokaryotic life cycle, and is a key factor for survival in diverse environments.
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Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
TL;DR: This review restricts itself to bacteria that are derived from and exert this effect on the root and generally designated as PGPR (plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria), which can be direct or indirect in their effects on plant growth.
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Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents
Thien-Fah Mah,George A. O'Toole +1 more
TL;DR: Owing to the heterogeneous nature of the biofilm, it is likely that there are multiple resistance mechanisms at work within a single community.
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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers
TL;DR: This review focuses on the known, the putative, and the speculative modes-of-action of PGPR, which include fixing N2, increasing the availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere, positively influencing root growth and morphology, and promoting other beneficial plant–microbe symbioses.