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Studies of the activated carbons used in double-layer supercapacitors

Deyang Qu
- 01 Jul 2002 - 
- Vol. 109, Iss: 2, pp 403-411
TLDR
In this paper, the specific capacitance of activated carbons is determined by both the ratio of edge/basal orientation and the nature of functional groups on the surface, and the difference between the edge and the basal layers results from the semiconductive properties of basal layer.
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This article is published in Journal of Power Sources.The article was published on 2002-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 616 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Wetting.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Materials for electrochemical capacitors

TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI

A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

TL;DR: Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density.
Journal ArticleDOI

Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors

TL;DR: Supercapacitors are able to store and deliver energy at relatively high rates (beyond those accessible with batteries) because the mechanism of energy storage is simple charge-separation (as in conventional capacitors) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Supercapacitor devices based on graphene materials

TL;DR: In this paper, a supercapacitor with a maximum specific capacitance of 205 F/g with a measured power density of 10 kW/kg at energy density of 28.5 Wh/kg in an aqueous electrolyte solution has been obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI

Review on supercapacitors: Technologies and materials

TL;DR: In this article, the technologies and working principles of different materials used in supercapacitors are explained, together with brief explanations of their properties, such as specific surface area and capacitance values.
References
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Book

X-Ray Diffraction

B. E. Warren
Journal ArticleDOI

LI. A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity

TL;DR: A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity is given in this paper, where it is shown that the theory can be applied to the field of electrochemysics as well as physics.
Journal ArticleDOI

X-Ray Diffraction

Kathleen Lonsdale
- 01 Oct 1971 - 
TL;DR: Lipson and Steeple as mentioned in this paper interpreted X-ray powder diffraction patterns and found that powder-diffraction patterns can be represented by a set of 3-dimensional planes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Studies of activated carbons used in double-layer capacitors

Deyang Qu, +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the relation between the intrinsic pore size distribution of activated carbon materials and their electrochemical performance as electrodes of supercapacitor was discussed in detail, where activated carbons with larger pore sizes were found to be more suitable for high power applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

Studien über electrische Grenzschichten

H. Helmholtz
- 01 Jan 1879 - 
Related Papers (5)
Frequently Asked Questions (15)
Q1. What have the authors contributed in "Studies of the activated carbons used in double-layer supercapacitors" ?

The impact of the surface groups on electrochemical performance of the activated carbon electrodes was investigated by means of various surfactant treatments. 

The peak height of XRD can be considered proportional to the crystal size, e.g. (0 0 2) peak height is proportional to Lc and (1 0 0) peak height is proportional to La. 

During the activation processes of sample preparation, thermal energy may be sufficient to break the links between adjacent graphene sheets, allowing some to rotate into parallel orientation. 

choosing precursors and proper carbonization and activation processes, which can result of lower La value, would be the key of making the activated carbons with high specific capacitance. 

Because there are no unsatisfied chemical bonds or free electrons, it is unlikely for functional groups to be chemically bonded to its surface, except to the defect sites with high strains. 

the low capacitance obtained from the basal plane is attributed to its semiconducting properties, the higher capacitance for the edge layer is at least partially attributed to the contribution of the functional groups on the surface. 

Understanding the electrochemical performance of thematerials over different potential ranges is key to the selection of positive electrode materials and negative electrode materials for ‘‘non-symmetric’’ supercapacitor systems. 

In addition, bias potential on the basal graphite mainly changes the potential of the space charge region and has little impact on the potential in the Helmholtz layer. 

The nontreated activated carbon electrode floats on the surface of KOH electrolyte; the same electrode, treated with the surfactant absorbs the electrolyte and sinks to the bottom of the container, gas bubbles can be seen rising from the electrode. 

at high frequency range, rather than the double-layer, Faradaic reaction of the organic surfactant was the major contributor to the overall impedance, since only small portions of the electrode surface area was accessed in the frequency range. 

The lateral extent of the graphene layers (La) can be estimated from the width of (1 1 0) and (1 0 0) X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks while the stacking number of graphene sheets (Lc, or N) can be estimated through the width of (0 0 2) peak. 

the same porous structure makes the electrodes more complex, not only due to the kinetics of electrochemical accessibility to the micropores [15], but also owing to the presence of various surface functional groups. 

in that instance, an activated carbon can be treated as the combination of a lot of small domains that consist of a few graphene sheets in parallel. 

The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of each sample was collected using a Siemens D5000 powder diffractometer equipped with a Cu target X-ray tube and monochrometer. 

Although the concept of storing relatively high electrical energy in reasonably small capacitors was proposed about three decades ago [8], the real efforts of research anddevelopment toward practical commercialization only happened over the past 10 years.