Q2. What are the future works in "Supply chain differentiation, contract agriculture, and farmers’ marketing preferences: the case of sweet pepper in thailand" ?
This should be considered more explicitly in future research. Hence, not integrating small farms into modern supply chains more successfully can be associated with lost opportunities for rural development. Beyond addressing widespread market imperfections, which is certainly important, their results suggest that improving the relationship between farmers and buyers could also contribute to more widespread smallholder participation in contractual arrangements.
Q3. What are the main reasons for some farmers not to engage in contracts?
losing degrees of freedom and the option to negotiate on the spot seem to be important reasons for some farmers not to engage in contracts.
Q4. What are the main factors that influence farmers’ attitudes towards contracts?
In terms of farm and farmer characteristics, higher opportunity costs of time and fewer marketing alternatives as a result of bad infrastructure conditions increase the attractiveness of entering into a contractual arrangement.
Q5. How many of the farmers mentioned independence in the survey?
the fact that still 11% of the contract suppliers mention independence reflects that contracts with village traders are perceived less confining than those with companies.
Q6. Why do many farmers drop out of the company channel?
The fact that many farmers nevertheless drop out of the company channel may potentially be due to their inability to produce more red sweet pepper.
Q7. Why do companies start to establish integrated production plants in peri-urban areas?
For sweet pepper in Thailand, companies have started to establish own integrated production plants in peri-urban areas, partly because they find it difficult to source sufficient produce from smallholder farmers.
Q8. How many farmers chose both contract and non-contract alternatives?
Each farmer was shown four choice sets, and almost half of al respondents (47%) chose both contract and non-contract alternatives in differen choice sets.
Q9. What is the main reason for contract failures between smallholder farmers and agribusiness companies?
In a review of different studies, Sartorius and Kirsten (2007) also found that distrust, combined with a perceived loss of autonomy, is a major reason for contract failures between smallholder farmers and agribusiness companies.
Q10. What is the main advantage of supplying village traders with or without contract?
Better prices are stated as the main advantage from supplying village traders with or without contract by those who switched(third and fourth column of Table 10).
Q11. What is the important component in a contract with a village?
In contracts with village traders, pricing is by far the most important component; usually a minimum procurement price is specified.
Q12. What is the main reason for farmers to enter into contractual arrangements?
better access to inputs may be one reason for farmers to enter into contractual arrangements, which will be analyzed more explicitly further below.
Q13. How can the authors calculate the WTA for each attribute level?
WTA measures can be derived for each attribute level by dividing the coefficient of the attribute by the price coefficient and multiplying by 1 (Colombo et al., 2005).
Q14. What is the first and obvious economic incentive for participating in a particular marketing channel?
The first and most obvious potential economic incentive for participating in a particular marketing channel is the expected or actual output price received.
Q15. How can companies and intermediaries improve ties with farmers?
Where this is not possible logistically, companies and intermediaries could try to improve ties with farmers through other trust-building mechanisms, such as more frequent personal interactions and more transparent pricing and grading procedures.