Swimming by reciprocal motion at low Reynolds number.
Tian Qiu,Tung-Chun Lee,Andrew G. Mark,Konstantin I. Morozov,Raphael Münster,Otto Mierka,Stefan Turek,Alexander Leshansky,Peer Fischer +8 more
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TLDR
This work reports a symmetric ‘micro-scallop’, a single-hinge microswimmer that can propel in shear thickening and shear thinning fluids by reciprocal motion at low Re, and indicates that the net propulsion is caused by modulation of the fluid viscosity upon varying the shear rate.Abstract:
Biological microorganisms swim with flagella and cilia that execute nonreciprocal motions for low Reynolds number (Re) propulsion in viscous fluids. This symmetry requirement is a consequence of Purcell's scallop theorem, which complicates the actuation scheme needed by microswimmers. However, most biomedically important fluids are non-Newtonian where the scallop theorem no longer holds. It should therefore be possible to realize a microswimmer that moves with reciprocal periodic body-shape changes in non-Newtonian fluids. Here we report a symmetric 'micro-scallop', a single-hinge microswimmer that can propel in shear thickening and shear thinning (non-Newtonian) fluids by reciprocal motion at low Re. Excellent agreement between our measurements and both numerical and analytical theoretical predictions indicates that the net propulsion is caused by modulation of the fluid viscosity upon varying the shear rate. This reciprocal swimming mechanism opens new possibilities in designing biomedical microdevices that can propel by a simple actuation scheme in non-Newtonian biological fluids.read more
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Active Particles in Complex and Crowded Environments
Clemens Bechinger,Roberto Di Leonardo,Hartmut Löwen,Charles Reichhardt,Giorgio Volpe,Giovanni Volpe +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a guided tour through the development of artificial self-propelling microparticles and nanoparticles and their application to the study of nonequilibrium phenomena, as well as the open challenges that the field is currently facing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Active Brownian Particles in Complex and Crowded Environments
Clemens Bechinger,Roberto Di Leonardo,Hartmut Löwen,Charles Reichhardt,Giorgio Volpe,Giovanni Volpe +5 more
TL;DR: Active Brownian particles, also referred to as microswimmers and nanoswimmers, are biological or manmade microscopic and nanoscopic particles that can self-propel as mentioned in this paper.
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Soft Actuators for Small-Scale Robotics.
TL;DR: A detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators, highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer- to centimeter-scale robotic applications, including both the development of new materials and composites, as well as novel implementations leveraging the unique properties of soft materials.
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Structured light enables biomimetic swimming and versatile locomotion of photoresponsive soft microrobots
Stefano Palagi,Andrew G. Mark,Shang Yik Reigh,Kai Melde,Tian Qiu,Tian Qiu,Hao Zeng,Camilla Parmeggiani,Daniele Martella,Alberto Sanchez-Castillo,Nadia Kapernaum,Frank Giesselmann,Diederik S. Wiersma,Eric Lauga,Peer Fischer,Peer Fischer +15 more
TL;DR: Soft microrobots consisting of photoactive liquid-crystal elastomers can be driven by structured monochromatic light to perform sophisticated biomimetic motions and multiple gaits, mimicking either symplectic or antiplectic metachrony of ciliate protozoa are confirmed.
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A light-driven artificial flytrap
TL;DR: Mimicking natural flytraps, this artificial flytrap is capable of autonomous closure and object recognition and enables self-regulated actuation within the fibre-sized architecture, thus opening up avenues towards soft, autonomous small-scale devices.
References
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Life at low Reynolds number
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Ambarish Ghosh,Peer Fischer +1 more
TL;DR: The construction and operation of chiral colloidal propellers that can be navigated in water with micrometer-level precision using homogeneous magnetic fields are reported.