Sympathetic Nervous System and Hypertension
TLDR
This review will encompass recent publications dealing with the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension, focusing on those recently published in Hypertension.Abstract:
With the development and implementation of device-based therapeutic interventions to decrease renal and systemic nerve activity in patients with resistant hypertension, there has been an increase in research dealing with the role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. These interventions have produced substantial decreases in blood pressure in patients wherein pharmacological treatments, including agents which inhibit the effects of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, have failed serves to confirm and reassert the essential role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. This review will encompass recent publications dealing with the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension, focusing on those recently published in Hypertension .
### Obesity-Related Hypertension
Although there has been a debate as to whether sympathetic activation is a cause or consequence of obesity, the studies noted below support the view that it is the obesity that leads to sympathetic activation. The importance of this sympathetic activation for the development of the hypertension is supported by the finding that renal denervation prevents the development of obesity hypertension in the dog.
Studies have now focused on the developmental phase of obesity hypertension regarding the renal sympathoexcitation. In rabbits fed high-fat diets, body weight, plasma insulin and leptin concentrations, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity were all increased after 1 week.1 Mean arterial pressure and body weight continued to increase over 3 weeks of high-fat diet, whereas heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity did not change further. Arterial baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity was attenuated from the first week of the high-fat diet. Excitatory responses to air jet stress diminished over 3 weeks of high-fat diet. Resumption of normal diet normalized glucose, insulin, leptin, and heart rate, but body weight, visceral fat content, mean arterial pressure, and renal sympathetic nerve activity remained elevated. Increased renal sympathetic nerve activity …read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Angiotensin-converting enzyme and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 are involved in sinoaortic denervation-induced cardiovascular hypertrophy in rats.
TL;DR: It is the tissue rather than the circulating renin-angiotensin system that contributes to high BPV-induced cardiovascular hypertrophy, and ACE expression, aortic ACE2 expression and ACE activity were increased in SAD rats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity-associated extracellular mtDNA activates central TGFβ pathway to cause blood pressure increase.
TL;DR: It is shown that dietary obesity is associated with extracellular release of mitochondrial DNA into the cerebrospinal fluid and that central delivery of mtDNA mimics transforming growth factors excess to activate downstream signaling pathways.
Book ChapterDOI
The developmental environment and the development of obesity.
TL;DR: A growing body of epidemiological and experimental evidence demonstrating that obesity is programmed in utero is emphasised by the fact that obesity alone is not only a major health risk itself, but is also an adverse factor contributing towards hypertension (Hall 2003) and cancer (Bray 2002) as discussed by the authors.
Patent
Electrode assembly for catheter system including interlinked struts
TL;DR: In this article, an interlinked diamond configuration formed from a plurality of strut assemblies is proposed to reduce the length of the electrode assembly and expand and contract the struts simultaneously and by the same amount.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microglia-derived PDGFB promotes neuronal potassium currents to suppress basal sympathetic tonicity and limit hypertension.
Qianqian Bi,Chao Wang,Guo Cheng,Ningting Chen,Bo Wei,Xiaoli Liu,Li Ping Li,Cheng Lu,Jiangmin He,Yuancheng Weng,Chunyou Yin,Yu-Cheng Lin,Shu Wan,Li Zhao,Jia‐Xing Xu,Yi Xing Wang,Yan Gu,Xiao Z. Shen,Peng Shi +18 more
TL;DR: In this paper , microglia prevented overactivation of pre-sympathetic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) at steady state, which is important in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): A randomised controlled trial
Murray D. Esler,Henry Krum,Paul A. Sobotka,Markus P. Schlaich,Roland E. Schmieder,Michael Böhm,Felix Mahfoud,Horst Sievert,Nina Wunderlich,Lars Christian Rump,Oliver Vonend,Michael Uder,Mel Lobo,Mark J. Caulfield,Andrejs Erglis,Michel Azizi,Marc Sapoval,S. Thambar,Alexandre Persu,Jean Renkin,Heribert Schunkert,Joachim Weil,Uta C. Hoppe,Tony Walton,Dierk Scheinert,Thomas Binder,Andrzej Januszewicz,Adam Witkowski,Luis M. Ruilope,Robert Whitbourn,Heike Bruck,Mark Downes,Thomas F. Lüscher,Alan G. Jardine,Mark Webster,Thomas Zeller,Jerzy Sadowski,Krzysztof Bartus,Craig A. Straley,Neil C. Barman,David P. Lee,Ronald M. Witteles,Vivek Bhalla,Joseph M. Massaro +43 more
TL;DR: Catheter-based renal denervation can safely be used to substantially reduce blood pressure in treatment-resistant hypertensive patients and should be continued, according to the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study
Henry Krum,Markus P. Schlaich,Robert Whitbourn,Paul A. Sobotka,Jerzy Sadowski,Krzysztof Bartus,Bogusław Kapelak,Anthony Walton,Horst Sievert,S. Thambar,William T. Abraham,Murray D. Esler +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a proof-of-principle trial of therapeutic renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension (i.e., systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm/hg on three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic) was conducted to assess safety and blood-pressure reduction effectiveness.
Book
Neural Control Of Renal Function
Gerald F. DiBona,Ulla C. Kopp +1 more
TL;DR: The renal nerve is the communication link between the central nervous system and the kidney as discussed by the authors, which is the major structural and functional components of the kidney, the vessels, glomeruli, and tubules, each of which is innervated.
Journal Article
Response to Letter to the Editor: Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of principle cohort study
TL;DR: Catheter-based renal denervation causes substantial and sustained blood-pressure reduction, without serious adverse events, in patients with resistant hypertension, in a proof-of-principle trial of therapeutic renal sympathetic denervation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Renal Sympathetic-Nerve Ablation for Uncontrolled Hypertension
TL;DR: The renal sympathetic nerves have been identified as a major contributor to the complex pathophysiology of hypertension in both experimental models and in humans and may be modulated by afferent signaling from renal sensory nerves.
Related Papers (5)
Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): A randomised controlled trial
Murray D. Esler,Henry Krum,Paul A. Sobotka,Markus P. Schlaich,Roland E. Schmieder,Michael Böhm,Felix Mahfoud,Horst Sievert,Nina Wunderlich,Lars Christian Rump,Oliver Vonend,Michael Uder,Mel Lobo,Mark J. Caulfield,Andrejs Erglis,Michel Azizi,Marc Sapoval,S. Thambar,Alexandre Persu,Jean Renkin,Heribert Schunkert,Joachim Weil,Uta C. Hoppe,Tony Walton,Dierk Scheinert,Thomas Binder,Andrzej Januszewicz,Adam Witkowski,Luis M. Ruilope,Robert Whitbourn,Heike Bruck,Mark Downes,Thomas F. Lüscher,Alan G. Jardine,Mark Webster,Thomas Zeller,Jerzy Sadowski,Krzysztof Bartus,Craig A. Straley,Neil C. Barman,David P. Lee,Ronald M. Witteles,Vivek Bhalla,Joseph M. Massaro +43 more