Sympathetic Nervous System and Hypertension
TLDR
This review will encompass recent publications dealing with the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension, focusing on those recently published in Hypertension.Abstract:
With the development and implementation of device-based therapeutic interventions to decrease renal and systemic nerve activity in patients with resistant hypertension, there has been an increase in research dealing with the role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. These interventions have produced substantial decreases in blood pressure in patients wherein pharmacological treatments, including agents which inhibit the effects of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, have failed serves to confirm and reassert the essential role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. This review will encompass recent publications dealing with the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension, focusing on those recently published in Hypertension .
### Obesity-Related Hypertension
Although there has been a debate as to whether sympathetic activation is a cause or consequence of obesity, the studies noted below support the view that it is the obesity that leads to sympathetic activation. The importance of this sympathetic activation for the development of the hypertension is supported by the finding that renal denervation prevents the development of obesity hypertension in the dog.
Studies have now focused on the developmental phase of obesity hypertension regarding the renal sympathoexcitation. In rabbits fed high-fat diets, body weight, plasma insulin and leptin concentrations, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity were all increased after 1 week.1 Mean arterial pressure and body weight continued to increase over 3 weeks of high-fat diet, whereas heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity did not change further. Arterial baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity was attenuated from the first week of the high-fat diet. Excitatory responses to air jet stress diminished over 3 weeks of high-fat diet. Resumption of normal diet normalized glucose, insulin, leptin, and heart rate, but body weight, visceral fat content, mean arterial pressure, and renal sympathetic nerve activity remained elevated. Increased renal sympathetic nerve activity …read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
VEGF-C attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Shadia Beaini,Youakim Saliba,Joelle Hajal,Viviane Smayra,Jules-Joel Bakhos,Najat Joubran,Dania Chelala,Nassim Fares +7 more
TL;DR: The data show that VEGF‐C administration plays a major role in preserving renal histology and reducing blood pressure, and might constitute an interesting potential therapeutic target for improving renal remodeling in salt‐sensitive hypertension.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silencing salusin-β attenuates cardiovascular remodeling and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Xing-Sheng Ren,Li Ling,Bing Zhou,Ying Han,Ye-Bo Zhou,Qi Chen,Yuehua Li,Yu-Ming Kang,Guo-Qing Zhu +8 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that silencing salusin-β attenuates hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
Journal ArticleDOI
Endogenous AT1 receptor-protein kinase C activity in the hypothalamus augments glutamatergic input and sympathetic outflow in hypertension.
TL;DR: The angiotensin AT1 receptor expression and protein kinase C (PKC)‐mediated NMDA receptor phosphorylation levels in the hypothalamus are increased in a rat genetic model of hypertension.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Nitrate Reduces Blood Pressure in Rats With Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension via Mechanisms That Involve Reduction of Sympathetic Hyperactivity
Drielle D. Guimarães,Drielle D. Guimarães,Josiane C. Cruz,Josiane C. Cruz,Alynne Carvalho-Galvão,Zhengbing Zhuge,Stefanne Madalena Marques,Lara Marques Naves,A. Erik G. Persson,A. Erik G. Persson,Eddie Weitzberg,Jon O. Lundberg,Camille M. Balarini,Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino,Valdir A. Braga,Mattias Carlström +15 more
TL;DR: Chronic dietary nitrate supplementation blunted the development of hypertension via mechanisms that involve reduction of sympathetic outflow and normalized the expression of AT1Rs in rostral ventrolateral medulla and reduced sympathetic nerve activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
microRNA-33 maintains adaptive thermogenesis via enhanced sympathetic nerve activity.
Takahiro Horie,Tetsushi Nakao,Yui Miyasaka,Tomohiro Nishino,Shigenobu Matsumura,Fumiko Nakazeki,Yuya Ide,Masahiro Kimura,Shuhei Tsuji,Randolph Ruiz Rodriguez,Toshimitsu Watanabe,Tomohiro Yamasaki,Sijia Xu,Chiharu Otani,Sawa Miyagawa,Kazuki Matsushita,Naoya Sowa,Aoi Omori,Jin Tanaka,Chika Nishimura,Masataka Nishiga,Yasuhide Kuwabara,Osamu Baba,Shin Watanabe,Hitoo Nishi,Yasuhiro Nakashima,Marina R. Picciotto,Haruhisa Inoue,Haruhisa Inoue,Dai Watanabe,Kazuhiro Nakamura,Tsutomu Sasaki,Takeshi Kimura,Koh Ono +33 more
TL;DR: The authors showed that microRNA (miR)-33 in the brain is indispensable for adaptive thermogenesis and showed that miR-33 deficiency upregulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit genes such as Gabrb2 and Gabra4.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): A randomised controlled trial
Murray D. Esler,Henry Krum,Paul A. Sobotka,Markus P. Schlaich,Roland E. Schmieder,Michael Böhm,Felix Mahfoud,Horst Sievert,Nina Wunderlich,Lars Christian Rump,Oliver Vonend,Michael Uder,Mel Lobo,Mark J. Caulfield,Andrejs Erglis,Michel Azizi,Marc Sapoval,S. Thambar,Alexandre Persu,Jean Renkin,Heribert Schunkert,Joachim Weil,Uta C. Hoppe,Tony Walton,Dierk Scheinert,Thomas Binder,Andrzej Januszewicz,Adam Witkowski,Luis M. Ruilope,Robert Whitbourn,Heike Bruck,Mark Downes,Thomas F. Lüscher,Alan G. Jardine,Mark Webster,Thomas Zeller,Jerzy Sadowski,Krzysztof Bartus,Craig A. Straley,Neil C. Barman,David P. Lee,Ronald M. Witteles,Vivek Bhalla,Joseph M. Massaro +43 more
TL;DR: Catheter-based renal denervation can safely be used to substantially reduce blood pressure in treatment-resistant hypertensive patients and should be continued, according to the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study
Henry Krum,Markus P. Schlaich,Robert Whitbourn,Paul A. Sobotka,Jerzy Sadowski,Krzysztof Bartus,Bogusław Kapelak,Anthony Walton,Horst Sievert,S. Thambar,William T. Abraham,Murray D. Esler +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, a proof-of-principle trial of therapeutic renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension (i.e., systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm/hg on three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic) was conducted to assess safety and blood-pressure reduction effectiveness.
Book
Neural Control Of Renal Function
Gerald F. DiBona,Ulla C. Kopp +1 more
TL;DR: The renal nerve is the communication link between the central nervous system and the kidney as discussed by the authors, which is the major structural and functional components of the kidney, the vessels, glomeruli, and tubules, each of which is innervated.
Journal Article
Response to Letter to the Editor: Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of principle cohort study
TL;DR: Catheter-based renal denervation causes substantial and sustained blood-pressure reduction, without serious adverse events, in patients with resistant hypertension, in a proof-of-principle trial of therapeutic renal sympathetic denervation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Renal Sympathetic-Nerve Ablation for Uncontrolled Hypertension
TL;DR: The renal sympathetic nerves have been identified as a major contributor to the complex pathophysiology of hypertension in both experimental models and in humans and may be modulated by afferent signaling from renal sensory nerves.
Related Papers (5)
Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): A randomised controlled trial
Murray D. Esler,Henry Krum,Paul A. Sobotka,Markus P. Schlaich,Roland E. Schmieder,Michael Böhm,Felix Mahfoud,Horst Sievert,Nina Wunderlich,Lars Christian Rump,Oliver Vonend,Michael Uder,Mel Lobo,Mark J. Caulfield,Andrejs Erglis,Michel Azizi,Marc Sapoval,S. Thambar,Alexandre Persu,Jean Renkin,Heribert Schunkert,Joachim Weil,Uta C. Hoppe,Tony Walton,Dierk Scheinert,Thomas Binder,Andrzej Januszewicz,Adam Witkowski,Luis M. Ruilope,Robert Whitbourn,Heike Bruck,Mark Downes,Thomas F. Lüscher,Alan G. Jardine,Mark Webster,Thomas Zeller,Jerzy Sadowski,Krzysztof Bartus,Craig A. Straley,Neil C. Barman,David P. Lee,Ronald M. Witteles,Vivek Bhalla,Joseph M. Massaro +43 more