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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Tendon and ligament regeneration and repair: clinical relevance and developmental paradigm.

TLDR
A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in T/L development and natural healing, coupled with the capability of producing complex biomaterials to deliver multiple biofactors with high spatiotemporal resolution and specificity, should lead to regenerative procedures that more closely recapitulate T/l morphogenesis.
Abstract
Tendon and ligament (T/L) are dense connective tissues connecting bone to muscle and bone to bone, respectively. Similar to other musculoskeletal tissues, T/L arise from the somitic mesoderm, but they are derived from a recently discovered somitic compartment, the syndetome. The adjacent sclerotome and myotome provide inductive signals to the interposing syndetome, thereby upregulating the expression of the transcription factor Scleraxis, which in turn leads to further tenogenic and ligamentogenic differentiation. These advances in the understanding of T/L development have been sought to provide a knowledge base for improving the healing of T/L injuries, a common clinical challenge due to the intrinsically poor natural healing response. Specifically, the three most common tendon injuries involve tearing of the rotator cuff of the shoulder, the flexor tendon of the hand, and the Achilles tendon. At present, injuries to these tissues are treated by surgical repair and/or conservative approaches, including biophysical modalities such as physical rehabilitation and cryotherapy. Unfortunately, the healing tissue forms fibrovascular scar and possesses inferior mechanical and biochemical properties as compared to native T/L. Therefore, tissue engineers have sought to improve upon the natural healing response by augmenting the injured tissue with cells, scaffolds, bioactive agents, and mechanical stimulation. These strategies show promise, both in vitro and in vivo, for improving T/L healing. However, several challenges remain in restoring full T/L function following injury, including uncertainties over the optimal combination of these biological agents as well how to best deliver tissue engineered elements to the injury site. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in T/L development and natural healing, coupled with the capability of producing complex biomaterials to deliver multiple growth factors with high spatiotemporal resolution and specificity, will allow tissue engineers to more closely recapitulate T/L morphogenesis, thereby offering future patients the prospect of T/L regeneration, as opposed to simple tissue repair.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Novel additively manufactured tubular scaffold combined with electrospun biomolecules-embedded nanofibers promotes healing of ruptured tendon

TL;DR: In this article , an amalgamated scaffold consisting of an additively manufactured polycaprolactone (PCL) tubular stent and electrospun collagen/drug-embedded poly-D-L-lactide-glycolide (PLGA) nanofibrous mats was designed for the treatment of Achilles tendon rupture.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tendon cells derived from the long head of the biceps and the supraspinatus tendons of patients affected by rotator cuff tears show different expressions of inflammatory markers

TL;DR: SSP- TCs showed higher cellular stress and expression of inflammatory markers with respect to donor-matched LHB-TCs, suggesting that addressing the physio-pathological state of supraspinatus tendon cells during treatment of rotator cuff tears could favor tissue healing and possibly prevent relapses.
Journal ArticleDOI

Applications of functionally-adapted hydrogels in tendon repair

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarized the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the tendon healing and discussed novel strategies in fabricating hydrogels to overcome the issues frequently encountered during the applications in tendon repair, including poor mechanical properties and undesirable degradation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Serial Ultrasonographic and Real-Time Elastosonographic Assessment of the Ovine Common Calcaneal Tendon, after an Experimentally Induced Tendinopathy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the ultrasonographic and elastosonographic appearance of the common calcaneal tendon (CCT) in an ovine model, and to monitor the progression of tendon healing after an experimentally-induced tendinopathy.
Patent

Méthode pas-à-pas de production de diverses cellules à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes

真 池谷, +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a procede for the production of cellules souches pluripotentes is presented, where the authors concerne egalement un procede de production de cellules du myotome, de cellule du dermatome, and de cells du sclerotome par combinaison des procedes ci-dessus and de procedes bien connus.
References
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TL;DR: The isolation, characterization, and preclinical and clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Outcome and Repair Integrity of Completely Arthroscopically Repaired Large and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears

TL;DR: The minimum twelve-month evaluation showed excellent pain relief and improvement in the ability to perform activities of daily living despite the high rate of recurrent defects; however, at a minimum follow-up of two years, the results deteriorated with only twelve patients who had an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score of >/=80.
Journal ArticleDOI

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TL;DR: This is the first report of a vehicle capable of delivery of multiple angiogenic factors with distinct kinetics, and these results clearly indicate the importance of multiple growth factor action in tissue regeneration and engineering.
Journal ArticleDOI

Collagen fibril formation

TL;DR: Preliminary evidence from invertebrates is included which suggests that the principles for bipolar fibril assembly were established at least 500 million years ago, and how mature fibrils are assembled from early fibrILS is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients

TL;DR: Findings clearly indicate that, at least in an urban population, degenerative changes are common in the tendons of people who are older than thirty-five years and that these changes are associated with spontaneous rupture.
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