The Arabidopsis CDPK-SnRK Superfamily of Protein Kinases
Estelle M. Hrabak,Catherine W. M. Chan,Michael Gribskov,Jeffrey F. Harper,Jung H. Choi,Nigel G. Halford,Jörg Kudla,Sheng Luan,Hugh G. Nimmo,Michael R. Sussman,Martine Thomas,Kay Walker-Simmons,Jian-Kang Zhu,Alice C. Harmon +13 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Analysis of intron placements supports the hypothesis that CDPKs, CRks, PPCKs and PEPRKs have a common evolutionary origin; however there are no conserved intron positions between these kinases and the SnRK subgroup.Abstract:
The CDPK-SnRK superfamily consists of seven types of serine-threonine protein kinases: calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPKs), CDPK-related kinases (CRKs), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinases (PPCKs), PEP carboxylase kinase-related kinases (PEPRKs), calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs), and SnRKs. Within this superfamily, individual isoforms and subfamilies contain distinct regulatory domains, subcellular targeting information, and substrate specificities. Our analysis of the Arabidopsis genome identified 34 CDPKs, eight CRKs, two PPCKs, two PEPRKs, and 38 SnRKs. No definitive examples were found for a CCaMK similar to those previously identified in lily (Lilium longiflorum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) or for a CaMK similar to those in animals or yeast. CDPKs are present in plants and a specific subgroup of protists, but CRKs, PPCKs, PEPRKs, and two of the SnRK subgroups have been found only in plants. CDPKs and at least one SnRK have been implicated in decoding calcium signals in Arabidopsis. Analysis of intron placements supports the hypothesis that CDPKs, CRKs, PPCKs and PEPRKs have a common evolutionary origin; however there are no conserved intron positions between these kinases and the SnRK subgroup. CDPKs and SnRKs are found on all five Arabidopsis chromosomes. The presence of closely related kinases in regions of the genome known to have arisen by genome duplication indicates that these kinases probably arose by divergence from common ancestors. The PlantsP database provides a resource of continuously updated information on protein kinases from Arabidopsis and other plants.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Abiotic Stress Signaling and Responses in Plants
TL;DR: Core stress-signaling pathways involve protein kinases related to the yeast SNF1 and mammalian AMPK, suggesting that stress signaling in plants evolved from energy sensing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abscisic Acid: Emergence of a Core Signaling Network
TL;DR: A new model for ABA action has been proposed and validated, in which the soluble PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors function at the apex of a negative regulatory pathway to directly regulate PP2C phosphatases, which in turn directly regulate SnRK2 kinases.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Language of Calcium Signaling
TL;DR: In this paper, a toolkit of Ca2+-binding proteins that regulate transcription via Ca2-responsive promoter elements and that regulate protein phosphorylation is presented, which can be used to decode and decode the information encoded within the Ca2−transients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Research on plant abiotic stress responses in the post‐genome era: past, present and future
Takashi Hirayama,Kazuo Shinozaki +1 more
TL;DR: Recent progress in abiotic stress studies, especially in the post-genomic era, is summarized, new perspectives on research directions for the next decade are offered, and the availability of the complete genome sequence has facilitated access to essential information.
Journal ArticleDOI
Calcium signals: the lead currency of plant information processing
TL;DR: Despite impressive progress in understanding of the processing of Ca2+ signals during the past years, the elucidation of the exact mechanistic principles that underlie the specific recognition and conversion of the cellularCa2+ currency into defined changes in protein–protein interaction, protein phosphorylation, and gene expression and thereby establish the specificity in stimulus response coupling remain to be explored.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
TL;DR: A new approach to rapid sequence comparison, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), directly approximates alignments that optimize a measure of local similarity, the maximal segment pair (MSP) score.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clustal w: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
TL;DR: The sensitivity of the commonly used progressive multiple sequence alignment method has been greatly improved and modifications are incorporated into a new program, CLUSTAL W, which is freely available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
TL;DR: This is the first complete genome sequence of a plant and provides the foundations for more comprehensive comparison of conserved processes in all eukaryotes, identifying a wide range of plant-specific gene functions and establishing rapid systematic ways to identify genes for crop improvement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification.
Steven K. Hanks,Tony Hunter +1 more
TL;DR: The eukaryotic protein kinases make up a large superfamily of homologous proteins, and a classification scheme can be founded on a kinase domain phylogeny, which reveals families of enzymes that have related substrate specificities and modes of regulation.