Journal ArticleDOI
The costs of depression
Paul Kind,Jon Sorensen +1 more
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Estimates of the direct costs associated with the treatment of patients in England and Wales amount to some £420 million annually, and pharmaceutical costs represent a relatively small proportion of this total.Abstract:
Depression is one of the commonest conditions seen by general practitioners. Conventional treatments are typically drug based, and usually involve one of the tricyclic preparations. The evaluation of new treatments requires an understanding of the costs and benefits of existing alternatives, to provide a comparative framework for general practitioners and others concerned with the treatment and management of depressed patients. This paper presents estimates of the direct costs associated with the treatment of patients in England and Wales. These amount to some 420 million pounds annually. Pharmaceutical costs represent a relatively small proportion of this total. Substantial indirect costs are generated through lost productivity, and these may exceed 3 billion pounds.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Large-Scale Network Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis of Resting-State Functional Connectivity.
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of rsFC studies provides an empirical foundation for a neurocognitive model in which network dysfunction underlies core cognitive and affective abnormalities in depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010).
TL;DR: Comorbid conditions account for the largest portion of the growing economic burden of MDD, and future research should analyze further these comorbidities as well as the relative importance of factors contributing to that growing burden.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Anders Gustavsson,Mikael Svensson,Frank Jacobi,Christer Allgulander,Jordi Alonso,Ettore Beghi,R. Dodel,Mattias Ekman,Carlo Faravelli,Laura Fratiglioni,Brenda Gannon,David P.H. Jones,Poul Jennum,Albena Jordanova,Linus Jönsson,Korinna Karampampa,Martin Knapp,Martin Knapp,Gisela Kobelt,Tobias Kurth,Roselind Lieb,Mattias Linde,Christina Ljungcrantz,Andreas Maercker,Beatrice Melin,Massimo Moscarelli,Amir Musayev,Fiona Norwood,Martin Preisig,Maura Pugliatti,Juergen Rehm,Luis Salvador-Carulla,Brigitte Schlehofer,Roland Simon,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Lars Jacob Stovner,Jean-Michel Vallat,Peter Van den Bergh,Jim van Os,Jim van Os,Pieter E. Vos,Weili Xu,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Bengt Jönsson,Jes Olesen +44 more
TL;DR: The present report presents much improved cost estimates for the total cost of disorders of the brain in Europe in 2010, covering 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, of an increased range of age groups and more cost items.
Journal ArticleDOI
10-Year Research Update Review: The Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders: I. Methods and Public Health Burden
TL;DR: There is mounting evidence that many, if not most, lifetime psychiatric disorders will first appear in childhood or adolescence and methods are now available to monitor youths and to make early intervention feasible.
Journal ArticleDOI
Undertreatment of people with major depressive disorder in 21 countries
Graham Thornicroft,Somnath Chatterji,Sara Evans-Lacko,Michael L. Gruber,Nancy A. Sampson,Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola,Ali Al-Hamzawi,Jordi Alonso,Laura Helena Andrade,Guilherme Borges,Ronny Bruffaerts,Brendan Bunting,José Miguel Caldas de Almeida,Silvia Florescu,Giovanni de Girolamo,Oye Gureje,Josep Maria Haro,Yanling He,Hristo Hinkov,Elie Karam,Elie Karam,Norito Kawakami,Sing Lee,Fernando Navarro-Mateu,Marina Piazza,Jose Posada-Villa,Yolanda Torres de Galvis,Ronald C. Kessler +27 more
TL;DR: Only a minority of participants with MDD received minimally adequate treatment: 1 in 5 people in high-income and 1 in 27 in low-/lower-middle-income countries.