Showing papers in "Preventive Medicine in 2000"

TL;DR: Identifying predictors of physical activity in older populations, particularly social support, facility access, and neighbourhood safety, can inform the development of policy and intervention strategies to promote the health of older people.

TL;DR: Erectile dysfunction and coronary heart disease share some behaviorally modifiable determinants in men who, like the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, are free of manifest ED or predisposing illness.

TL;DR: It is suggested that individuals who exercised at least two to three times a week experienced significantly less depression, anger, cynical distrust, and stress than those exercising less frequently or not at all.

TL;DR: The aggregate of the published data suggests a moderate to high test–retest and interinstrument reliability of physical activity assessment although these findings are less consistent among younger children and when the time period between observations in a test-retest assessment was longer than a few days.

TL;DR: Enough is known from theory, practice, and research to suggest that school-based strategies to promote physical activity and healthy eating among young people merit implementation and ongoing refinement.

TL;DR: Interventions that target the four identified structural factors are a means to provide conditions that not only reduce high-risk behavior but also prevent the adoption of high- risk behaviors.

TL;DR: Validity and reliability studies of recalls, records, food frequency questionnaires, diet histories, and observations among children were reviewed and correlations between the validation standard and dietary method were generally higher for recalls and records than FFQs.

TL;DR: Few students use opportunities to be physically active during lesiure time at school, and policies and environmental manipulations are needed to attract more adolescents, especially girls, to existing activity areas.

TL;DR: It appears that social relations integral to the exercise environment are significant determinants of subjective well-being in older adults.

TL;DR: Identifying the factors contributing to occupational variability in leisure-time physical activity will add to the understanding of why population subgroups differ in their health risk profiles, and assist in the development of health promotion strategies to reduce rates of sedentariness and health inequalities.

TL;DR: Strong effects were found for the High 5 intervention on fruit and vegetable consumption, on macro- and micro-nutrients, and on psychosocial variables.

TL;DR: Exercise self-efficacy was associated with exercise stage, but the source of significant social support (family versus friends) was different for males and females.

TL;DR: In the Women's Health Initiative Obser vational Study, a large, diverse group of older women, health insurance type and status were among the most important determinants of cancer screening of demographics, chronic health conditions, and self-perceived health characteristics.

TL;DR: Evidence was provided for the factorial validity and the invariance of the questionnaires designed to be unidimensional measures of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and self-efficacy about physical activity among adolescent girls.

TL;DR: The vast majority of BRCA1/2 carriers may not opt for prophylactic surgery, and many do not adhere to surveillance recommendations, suggesting greater attention to risk communication and medical decision-making is warranted.

TL;DR: Age-related decrease in the intensity of physical exercise increases the risk of depressive symptoms among older adults, and calls for effective measures in maintaining and supporting an adequate level of physical Exercise among the aging population.

TL;DR: The assessment of occupational and household physical activity in addition to leisure-time activity may be important for understanding associations between occupational categories, physical activity, and increased levels of health risk and for the development of physical activity promotion strategies.

TL;DR: It is suggested that both common and cultural barriers play a role in breast cancer screening among older Chinese-American women, with cultural factors being more influential in the initiation of cancer screening behavior.

TL;DR: Interventions to reduce patient delay need to address expectations about heart attack symptoms, educate about benefits and appropriate actions, and provide legitimacy for taking specific health care-seeking actions.

TL;DR: Because substances are easily accessible through social sources, prevention policies directed at retail outlets may not have the desired effect on reducing teen smoking and drinking.

TL;DR: Seventy-two percent of the women in this study were nonadherent to FS screening guidelines, and psychosocial factors play an important role in screening for colorectal cancer.

TL;DR: Immediate benefits for children and the high tracking of obesity from childhood to the adult years (relates especially to grounds 3 and 4) are the strongest reasons for helping children acquire and retain healthy habits.

TL;DR: The HBM proved to be a good model of screening interest and further the understanding of the decision processes in participating in cancer screening and point to directions to increase the level of participation in community samples.

TL;DR: A hospital-based smoking cessation program consisting of inpatient counseling and telephone follow-up substantially increases smoking abstinence 1 year after discharge in patients post-MI.

TL;DR: Rates of preventive service delivery are low and summary scores are useful in providing a patient population perspective on the delivery of preventive services and in focusing attention on delivery of a comprehensive portfolio of services.

TL;DR: A short-term stair-climbing program can confer considerable cardiovascular health benefits on previously sedentary young women, lending credence to the potential public health benefits of this form of exercise.

TL;DR: The results suggest that a one-time PACE counseling session with minimal reinforcement, in a setting with high baseline levels of activity, does not further increase activity, and the finding that Contemplators advanced in stage of behavior change suggests that further studies are needed to examine long-term, repeated counseling interventions.

TL;DR: It is suggested that increased participation in outreach mammography screening programs can be achieved through enhancement of breast cancer awareness and possibly by reducing some of the modifiable barriers.

TL;DR: A pattern of eating that is generally considered less healthful was particularly seen in older men, placing them at increased risk of chronic disease.

TL;DR: Tailored, self-help interventions can effectively promote dietary change among both men and women and among younger as well as older adults.