Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of pH on the uptake and toxicity of copper and zinc in a tropical freshwater alga (Chlorella sp.).
Karyn L. Wilde,Jennifer L. Stauber,Scott J. Markich,Natasha M. Franklin,Natasha M. Franklin,Paul L. Brown,Paul L. Brown +6 more
TLDR
Findings suggest that the algal cell surface may be considered as the biotic ligand in further development of a chronic BLM with microalgae as well as the possibility of using concentration-response data to estimate conditional metal-cell binding constants.Abstract:
Copper and zinc toxicity to the freshwater alga Chlorella sp. was determined at a range of pH values (5.5-8.0) in a synthetic softwater (hardness 40-48 mg CaCO(3)/L). The effects of the metals on algal growth (cell division) rate were determined after 48-h exposure at pH 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0. The toxicity of both metals was pH dependent. As pH decreased from 8.0 to 5.5, the copper concentration required to inhibit the algal growth rate by 50% (IC50) increased from 1.0 to 19 microg/L. For zinc, the IC50 increased from 52 to 2,700 microg/L over the same pH range. Changes in solution speciation alone did not explain the increased toxicity observed as the pH increased. Modelled Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) concentrations decreased with increasing pH, whereas toxicity was observed to increase. Measurements of extracellular (cell-bound) metal concentrations support the biotic ligand model (BLM) theory of competition between protons (H(+)) and metals for binding sites at the algal cell surface. Higher extracellular metal concentrations were observed at high pH, indicating reduced competition. Independent of pH, both extracellular and intracellular copper were directly related to growth inhibition in Chlorella sp., whereas zinc toxicity was related to cell-bound zinc only. These findings suggest that the algal cell surface may be considered as the biotic ligand in further development of a chronic BLM with microalgae. Conditional binding constants (log K) were determined experimentally (using measured intracellular metal concentrations) and theoretically (using concentration-response curves) for copper and zinc for Chlorella sp. at selected pH values. Excellent agreement was found indicating the possibility of using concentration-response data to estimate conditional metal-cell binding constants.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Potential use of algae for heavy metal bioremediation, a critical review.
Amin Keyvan Zeraatkar,Hossein Ahmadzadeh,Ahmad Farhad Talebi,Navid R. Moheimani,Mark P. McHenry +4 more
TL;DR: This work evaluates pretreatment, immobilization, and factors affecting biosorption capacity, such as initial metal ion concentration, biomass concentration, initial pH, time, temperature, and interference of multi metal ions and introduces molecular tools to develop engineered algal strains with higher biosorptive capacity and selectivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metal uptake by microalgae: Underlying mechanisms and practical applications
Cristina M. Monteiro,Paula M. L. Castro,F. Xavier Malcata,F. Xavier Malcata,F. Xavier Malcata +4 more
TL;DR: Self‐defense mechanisms developed by microalgal cells to survive in metal‐containing media and environmental factors that affect their removal are reviewed here in a comprehensive way and further discussed in attempts to rationalize this form of remediation vis‐a‐vis with conventional nonbiological alternatives.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biosorption: An Interplay between Marine Algae and Potentially Toxic Elements-A Review.
Muhammad Bilal,Tahir Rasheed,Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández,Ali Raza,Faran Nabeel,Hafiz M.N. Iqbal +5 more
TL;DR: An effort has been made to highlight the importance of marine algae as naturally inspired biosorbents and their role in biosorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytohormones as regulators of heavy metal biosorption and toxicity in green alga Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae).
TL;DR: The data suggest that phytohormones and polyamine play an important role in the C.vulgaris responding to abiotic stressor and algal adaptation ability to metal contamination of aquatic environment and that these associated novel endpoints may be useful metrics for accurately predicting toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risks of Using Antifouling Biocides in Aquaculture
TL;DR: An overview of the effects of antifouling (AF) biocides on aquatic organisms is provided and some insights into the effects and risks of these compounds on non-target organisms are provided.
References
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Book
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater
TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dose-response relationships
TL;DR: The log-logistic model possesses several clear advantages over other analysis methods and the authors suggest that it should be widely adopted as a standard herbicide dose-response analysis method.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in freshwater fish and Daphnia.
TL;DR: The development of a copper version of the biotic ligand model is described and the calibrated model is then used to calculate LC50 (the lethal concentration for 50% of test organisms) and is evaluated by comparison with published toxicity data sets for freshwater fish and Daphnia.
Journal ArticleDOI
A biotic ligand model predicting acute copper toxicity for Daphnia magna: the effects of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and pH.
TL;DR: A biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed that can predict acute copper toxicity for D. magna as a function of water characteristics and can easily be applied for BLM development for other organisms and metals.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of water chemistry on the toxicity of copper to fathead minnows
TL;DR: The effects of various water chemistry parameters on the toxicity of copper to larval fathead minnows were investigated in this paper, where the effects of water chemistry were found to be similar for different endpoints (growth, survival at different durations).
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