The estimated health impact of sodium reduction through food reformulation in Australia: A modeling study.
Kathy Trieu,Daisy H. Coyle,Ashkan Afshin,Bruce Neal,Bruce Neal,Matti Marklund,Matti Marklund,Jason H Y Wu +7 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors modeled the health impact of Australia's sodium reformulation targets and additional likely health gains if more ambitious, yet feasible sodium targets had been adopted instead, and estimated the averted deaths, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and stomach cancer.Abstract:
Background The Australian Government recently established sodium targets for packaged foods to encourage voluntary reformulation to reduce population sodium consumption and related diseases. We modeled the health impact of Australia's sodium reformulation targets and additional likely health gains if more ambitious, yet feasible sodium targets had been adopted instead. Methods and findings Using comparative risk assessment models, we estimated the averted deaths, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and stomach cancer after implementation of (a) Australia's sodium targets (overall and by individual companies); (b) United Kingdom's targets (that covers more product categories); and (c) an optimistic scenario (sales-weighted 25th percentile sodium content for each food category included in the UK program). We used nationally representative data to estimate pre- and post-intervention sodium intake, and other key data sources from the Global Burden of Disease study. Full compliance with the Australian government's sodium targets could prevent approximately 510 deaths/year (95% UI, 335 to 757), corresponding to about 1% of CVD, CKD, and stomach cancer deaths, and prevent some 1,920 (1,274 to 2,600) new cases and 7,240 (5,138 to 10,008) DALYs/year attributable to these diseases. Over half (59%) of deaths prevented is attributed to reformulation by 5 market-dominant companies. Compliance with the UK and optimistic scenario could avert approximately an additional 660 (207 to 1,227) and 1,070 (511 to 1,856) deaths/year, respectively, compared to Australia's targets. The main limitation of this study (like other modeling studies) is that it does not prove that sodium reformulation programs will prevent deaths and disease events; rather, it provides the best quantitative estimates and the corresponding uncertainty of the potential effect of the different programs to guide the design of policies. Conclusions There is significant potential to strengthen Australia's sodium reformulation targets to improve its health impact. Promoting compliance by market-dominant food companies will be critical to achieving the potential health gains.read more
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A Global Review of National Strategies to Reduce Sodium Concentrations in Packaged Foods.
Emalie Rosewarne,Joseph Alvin Santos,Kathy Trieu,Dejen Yemane Tekle,Cliona Ni Mhurchu,Alexandra Jones,Nicole Ide,Rain Yamamoto,Chizuru Nishida,Jacqui Webster +9 more
TL;DR: In this article , a review aimed to comprehensively describe, and explore characteristics of, national strategies to reduce sodium concentrations in packaged foods, and assess progress toward achieving national goals, and the number, type, and variation of food category sodium targets set by countries compared with WHO global sodium benchmarks.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Global Review of National Strategies to Reduce Sodium Levels in Packaged Foods.
Emalie Rosewarne,Joseph Alvin Santos,Kathy Trieu,Dejen Yemane Tekle,Cliona Ni Mhurchu,Alexandra Jones,Nicole Ide,Rain Yamamoto,Chizuru Nishida,Jacqui Webster +9 more
TL;DR: There is scope to improve most countries' strategies to reduce sodium levels in packaged foods, but limited progress in implementing and evaluating strategies between 2014 and 2019, and regional and income-level disparities persist.
Journal ArticleDOI
Socio-economic difference in purchases of ultra-processed foods in Australia: an analysis of a nationally representative household grocery purchasing panel
Daisy H. Coyle,Ling Huang,Maria Shahid,Allison Beth Gaines,Gian Luca Di Tanna,Jimmy Chun Yu Louie,Xiong-Fei Pan,Matti Marklund,Bruce Neal,Jason H Y Wu +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the amount and type of ultra-processed foods purchased by Australian households in 2019 and determine whether purchases differed by socio-economic status (SES).
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimated Dietary and Health Impact of the World Health Organization’s Global Sodium Benchmarks on Packaged Foods in Australia: a Modeling Study
TL;DR: In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) set sodium benchmarks for packaged foods to guide countries in setting feasible and effective sodium reformulation programs as mentioned in this paper , and the potential impact of Australia's 2020 reformulation targets on the dietary and health impact of full compliance with the WHO's sodium benchmarks in Australia was modeled.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving the Nutrient Quality of Foods and Beverages Using Product Specific Standards for Nutrients to Limit Will Substantially Reduce Mean Population Intakes of Energy, Sodium, Saturated Fat and Sugars towards WHO Guidelines
TL;DR: These science-based standards for nutrients to limit could drive impactful reductions in energy, sodium, SAFA and sugars in food and beverage products, enabling mean population intakes to move closer to WHO nutrient guidelines.
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