Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling ozone and carbon monoxide redistribution by shallow convection over the Amazonian rain forest
TL;DR: In this article, the explicit redistribution of CO and O3 has been studied with a two-dimensional convective cloud model coupled with a chemical model including gas and aqueous phases for a shallow convective situation taken from the GTE/ABLE 2B campaign.
Book ChapterDOI
Acid Deposition of Photochemical Oxidation Products — A Study Using a Lagrangian Trajectory Model
TL;DR: In this article, the acid deposition from photochemical reactions may be felt for extended periods after the removal of the source and, in some cases, may be irreversible, and this situation, coupled with the need for a methodology for relating changes in precursor emissions to ambient air quality, was one of the major motivations for the research reported in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parameterization of episodical cloud and rainout events in large-scale atmospheric chemistry models
Jan E. Jonson,Ivar S. A. Isaksen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a parameterization scheme taking into account the episodical nature of rainout and incloud chemical transformation has been tested in a 2D channel model, where the effects on the trace gases SO 2 and hydrogen peroxide, when they are modified by clouds and precipitation, are studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrogen Peroxide Dissolved in Acidic Fog as Air Pollutant—Effects on Spruce Needles
TL;DR: In this paper, 3-year-old spruce trees (Picea abies Karst) were exposed to acidic fog (pH 4) containing 864±250 ppb H2O2 4 days a week from 4 a.m. to 7 a.m. over a period of 8 weeks.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.