Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
TLDR
In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Deposition, decomposition and stabilization of peroxides in Santiago City dew waters.
TL;DR: In order to minimize the loss of peroxides during the time elapsed between deposition and collection, the collectors were pre-treated with a mercury chloride solution, which reduces, but not completely eliminates, the decomposition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of below-cloud gas scavenging on raindrop chemistry over remote ocean regions
TL;DR: In this article, a model of raindrop chemistry over remote ocean regions, where natural spatial and temporal chemical concentrations are relatively unperturbed, has been proposed, incorporating below-cloud gas scavenging as well as an extensive set of inorganic and organic chemical reactions.
Book ChapterDOI
Photochemical Conversion of Solar Energy in the Environment
TL;DR: In this article, the photochemical conversion of solar energy in aquatic environments and on soil and metal oxide surfaces is presented, and rate equations and products for selected homogeneous and heterogeneous photoreactions that occur in these systems are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Air pollution measurements at the boulder atmospheric observatory
C. C. Van Valin,E. Ganor +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the power plant plumes were characterized by SO2 concentrations of 30 to 50 ppb in the plume centers, NO2 maxima of 20 to 40 ppb on plume edges, NO maxima with O3 concentrations less than half that in background air; bscat was typically increased by a factor of 2 to 3.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical insights into the interactions of the atmosphere with metals
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the interaction of the atmosphere with metals and their oxides using first-person qualitative and quantitative results based on first principles, such as the rate and extent of deposition of water on the metal surface, the formation of chemical products within aqueous solution on and within the porous, fragmented surface layer, and the rates and amounts of loss of products to surface deposition or surface flushing.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.