Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
H2O2 and O3 in the atmosphere of Los Angeles and its vicinity: factors controlling their formation and their role as oxidants of SO2
Hiroshi Sakugawa,Isaac R. Kaplan +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of gaseous H2O2 and O3, which are considered to be dominant oxidants for SO2 in the atmosphere, were studied in Los Angeles and its vicinity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Numerical study of droplet size dependent chemistry in oceanic, wintertime stratus cloud at southern mid-latitudes
G. P. Ayers,T. V. Larson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the first 150 m of rise in a wintertime, mid-latitude, marine stratus cloud using observations made at and near the Cape Grim Baseline Station as a source of input parameters was modelled for the first 15 m of the cloud's rise, with a particular focus on the way in which dissolved sulfur dioxide varied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Rainwater by Using a Polyaniline Film and Platinum Particles Co-Modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrode
TL;DR: In this paper, four types of carbon fiber microelctrodes modified with polyaniline (PAn) and platinum particles (Pt) were fabricated to determine H2O2 at + 0.60 V (vs. SCE).
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurements of OH during PEM‐Tropics A
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of measurements performed by the NASA P3-B aircraft using the Selected Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry technique during the Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics (PEM) study were presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloud Processing of Gases and Aerosols in Air Quality Modeling
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the representations of cloud processing of gases and aerosols in some of the current state-of-the-art regional air quality models in North America and Europe and found that the modeled droplet number concentrations and ambient PM size distributions were strongly affected by the use of different aerosol activation schemes.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.