Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Measurements of peroxides and what they tell us.
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The dynamics of nitric acid production and the fate of nitrogen oxides
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model is used to study the fate of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions and the reactions responsible for the formation of nitric acid (HNO_3).
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Aqueous phase photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in authentic cloud waters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conclude that aqueous phase photochemistry is a significant and in some cases probably dominant source of H2O2 to tropospheric cloud drops.
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A study of sulfur dioxide oxidation pathways over a range of liquid water contents, pH values, and temperatures
Jinyou Liang,Mark Z. Jacobson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined factors controlling the photochemical oxidation of SO2 in tropospheric aerosols using a gas-aqueous photochemical model and found that H202(aq) and O3(aq), provided the major sinks for SO2 when pH is held constant at below 5 and larger than 6, respectively.
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Formaldehyde and hydroperoxides at Mauna Loa Observatory
TL;DR: The Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX) was conducted from May 1 to June 4, 1988, at the Mauna loa Observatory on the island of Hawaii.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.