Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneous nighttime production and deposition of particle nitrate at a rural site in North America during summer 1988
TL;DR: In this article, a time-dependent Lagrangian box model was used to simulate the observed nighttime increase of particle nitrate (pNO3−) concentration from 1800 hours to midnight and a decrease thereafterward toward the early morning.
Journal ArticleDOI
SO2 oxidation in an entraining cloud model with explicit microphysics
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the chemical evolution of the droplets in a hill-cap cloud is presented, where the chemistry of individual droplets forming on cloud condensation nuclei of differing size and chemical composition is considered, and the take-up of species from the gas phase by droplets is treated explicitly for the droplet population.
Journal ArticleDOI
A method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in air
TL;DR: In this paper, a method is described for the spectrophotometric determination of atmospheric H2O2 at the ppb level using pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and vanadate(V) chelate.
Journal ArticleDOI
The reaction between HO and (H2O) n (n = 1, 3) clusters: reaction mechanisms and tunneling effects
Javier González,Marc Caballero,Antoni Aguilar-Mogas,Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat,Ramon Crehuet,Albert Solé,Xavier Giménez,Santiago Olivella,Josep Maria Bofill,Josep M. Anglada +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction between the HO radical and (H2O)n (n = 1, 3) clusters has been investigated employing high-level quantum mechanical calculations using DFT-BH&HLYP, QCISD, and CCSD(T) theoretical approaches in connection with the 6-311 + G(2df,2p), aug-cc-pVTZ, and aug-c-pVQZ basis sets.
Journal ArticleDOI
OH radical-initiated oxidation of organic compounds in atmospheric water phases: part 1. Reactions of peroxyl radicals derived from 2-butoxyethanol in water
Konrad Stemmler,Urs von Gunten +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a model compound, 2-butoxyethanol (C4H9OCH2CH2H2OH), was used to investigate the reactions of peroxyl radicals derived from the OH radical attack on the model compound in oxygenated aqueous solution.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.