Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Reaction of so4.- with fe2+, mn2+ and cu2+ in aqueous solution
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used pulse radiolysis to generate an outer-sphere ion-pair complex (OSIC) with a negative energy of activation of (18±2) kJ.
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Measurements of hydrogen peroxide in polar ice samples
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report measurements of hydrogen peroxide in polar ice samples and show that H2O2 is a dominant trace compound present in clouds over remote and clean areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the Peru upwelling area
TL;DR: Zika, RG, Saltzman, ES and Cooper, WJ, 1985 Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the Peru upwelling area Mar Chem, 17: 265--275 The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was measured in waters off the coast of Peru during June and July 1983 as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurements of the concentration in rainwater and of the Henry's law constant of hydrogen peroxide
Kunio Yoshizumi,Kazuyuki Aoki,Isamu Nouchi,Toshiichi Okita,Toshimi Kobayashi,Shuji K. Amakura,Moritaka Tajima +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a chemiluminescent method for measuring hydrogen peroxide was developed using hemin as a catalyst for luminol-based H2O2 oxidation, which gave a detection limit below 0.1 μg ∝−1 in the solution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Air‐sea fluxes of transient atmospheric species
TL;DR: In this paper, the air-to-sea fluxes of the major reactive tropospheric gases and radicals have been estimated from the two-layer stagnant film model by using concentrations appropriate for the unpolluted marine troposphere and by taking into account effects of species solubility and chemical reactivity on the exchange rate.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
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Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.