Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
TLDR
In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mass accommodation coefficient for HO2 radicals on aqueous particles
TL;DR: The rate of reaction of gas phase HO2 radicals with a monodisperse, submicrometer aerosol was measured in a flow tube reactor at atmospheric pressure as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling Atmospheric Chemistry: Interactions between Gas-Phase Species and Liquid Cloud/Aerosol Particles
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how these processes can be treated in computer modeling and how the necessary data can be obtained, and describe how to use these processes for waste water and pesticide control and other areas where the distribution of chemicals between the aqueous and the gas phase is important.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetic studies of raindrop chemistry: 1. Inorganic and organic processes
Thomas E. Graedel,K. I. Goldberg +1 more
TL;DR: The chemistry of raindrops, thought not long ago to be adequately represented by a few simple ions and their equilibrium constants, is now recognized to include the complex reactions of ions, radicals, and molecules of both acidic and basic moieties as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gas‐ and aqueous‐phase chemistry of HO2 in liquid water clouds
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for reversible mass transport of HO2 between the gas and aqueous phases of liquid water clouds is used to examine the coupling of reaction kinetics of this species in the two phases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for Photochemical Formation of H2O2 and Oxidation of SO2 in Authentic Fog Water.
Yuegang Zuo,Jürg Hoigné +1 more
TL;DR: When samples of rain and fog water were exposed to ultraviolet and visible light, reactive transients such as hydrogen peroxide were formed and dissolved organic matter and sulfur dioxide were depleted.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.