Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity of tropospheric oxidants to global chemical and climate change
TL;DR: A photochemical model has been used to quantify the sensitivity of the tropospheric oxidants O3 and OH to changes in CH4, CO and NO emissions and to perturbations in climate and stratospheric chemistry as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modelling the atmospheric mercury cycle-chemistry in fog droplets
Karin Pleuel,John Munthe +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a model was developed to describe the mass transport and chemistry of different forms of mercury in the atmosphere (the CAM model), and 48-hour simulations of an air parcel containing a fog were used to examine the influence of a number of chemical parameters on dissolved divalent mercury, Hg(II), in fog droplets.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of aqueous-phase chemical reactions on ozone formation in polluted and nonpolluted clouds
TL;DR: Aqueous-phase reactions among dissolved radicals and trace metals have been incorporated into a comprehensive gas-phase chemical reaction mechanism in order to quantify the influence of heterogeneous chemical processes on ozone (O3) formation under a wide range of NOx and hydrocarbon concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbonyls in urban fog, ice fog, cloudwater and rainwater
Daniel Grosjean,Barbara Wright +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the results were briefly discussed in terms of scavenging of gas-phase atmospheric carbonyls, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, acetone + acrolein and benzaldehyde.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics and spectroscopy of the SO4− radical in aqueous solution
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used laser flash photolysis of S2O82− at 248 nm and 266 nm to investigate the kinetics and spectroscopy of the SO4− radical in aqueous solution.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
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The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.