Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Ambient Radical Concentrations in the Presence of Airborne Liquid Water
TL;DR: In this article, a new technique for the continuous measurement of peroxy-and oxy-radicals in air is proposed based on the chain reaction in which these molecules participate to oxidize NO and CO to NO2 and CO2.
Book ChapterDOI
Absolute OH Quantum Yields in the Laser Photolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Nitrate, Nitrite and H2O2AT 308 and 351 NM
TL;DR: In this article, the absolute quantum yields for the formation of OH radicals in the laser photolysis of aqueous solutions of NO 3, NO 2 - and H2O2 at 308 and 351 nm and as a function of pH and temperature have been measured.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Kinetics of Ozone Decomposition in Gas and Aqueous Phases Using Quantum Chemical Reaction Calculations
TL;DR: An ab initio study was conducted to investigate the kinetics of ozone degradation in gas and aqueous phases considering the reaction of ozone with hydroperoxyl radical using coupled cluster calculations (CCSD) method.
Book ChapterDOI
Distribution Pattern of Atmospheric H2O2 in Los Angeles and its Vicinity and its Controlling Role as an Oxidant of SO2
Hiroshi Sakugawa,Isaac R. Kaplan +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the seasonal variation of gaseous H2O2 in Los Angeles and found that solar intensity is the most important factor controlling seasonal variation, although temperature, primary pollutants such as NOx, and the height of the inversion layer are the determining factors in regulating the formation of O3.
Journal ArticleDOI
Numerical modeling of gas-phase kinetics in formation of secondary aerosol
Wang-Kun Chen,Ping Wang +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, three basic modules of gas phase photochemical reactions involved in the formation of secondary aerosol are developed for modeling the concentration variation of precursors of aerosol, including ketone (RCO x ), aldehyde (ALD), peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), NO 2, and SO 2, followed by numerical solution for each of the modules.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.