Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Multiphase chemistry of NO3 in the remote troposphere
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of NO3 uptake at night into marine aerosol and cloud droplets on sulfur oxidation, NO3 ambient concentrations, and NO3 atmospheric lifetime is examined using a simple chemical kinetics model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Yields of hydrogen peroxide from the reaction of hydroxyl radical with organic compounds in solution and ice
Ted Hullar,Cort Anastasio +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated HOOH formation from hydroxyl radical attack on 10 environmentally relevant organic compounds: formaldehyde, formate, glycine, phenylalanine, benzoic acid, octanol, octanal, octanoic acid and 2-butoxyethanol.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diurnal HO2 cycles at clean air and urban sites in the troposphere
TL;DR: In this article, HO2 concentrations at two Oregon sites were determined for continuous periods of 36 to 48 hours, using fluorescence assay with gas expansion, with an estimated overall uncertainty of 40 percent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photochemical modeling of OH levels during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1)
Gregory J. Frost,Michael Trainer,Roy L. Mauldin,Fred Eisele,André S. H. Prévôt,S. J. Flocke,Sasha Madronich,Gregory L. Kok,Richard D. Schillawski,Darrel Baumgardner,John D. Bradshaw +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, a steady state photochemical model and the first airborne measurements of hydroxyl radical concentrations, [OH], in the lower free troposphere and marine boundary layer, taken during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1), were compared.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical evolution and dispersion of ship plumes in the remote marine boundary layer: investigation of sulfur chemistry
TL;DR: In this article, a Lagrangain photochemical box model has been used to explore gaseous/heterogeneous sulfur plume chemistry initiated by ship traffic in the MBL and the results indicate that although SO2 ship emission rates have an impact on the concentration levels of SO2, there is no evidence of non-linear loss processes in this chemical system.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
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Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.