Journal ArticleDOI
The free radical chemistry of cloud droplets and its impact upon the composition of rain
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In this article, the authors simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday solar fluxes and demonstrate that the scavenging of OH and HO2 from cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001.Abstract:
Calculations are presented that simulate the free radical chemistries of the gas phase and aqueous phase within a warm cloud during midday. It is demonstrated that in the presence of midday solar fluxes, the heterogeneous scavenging of OH and HO2 from the gas phase by cloud droplets can represent a major source of free radicals to cloud water, provided the accommodation or sticking coefficient for these species impinging upon water droplets is not less than 0.0001. The aqueous-phase of HO2 radicals are found to be converted to H2O2 by aqueous-phase chemical reactions at a rate that suggests that this mechanism could produce a significant fraction of the H2O2 found in cloud droplets. The rapid oxidation of sulfur species dissolved in cloudwater by this free-radical-produced H2O2 as well as by aqueous-phase OH radicals could conceivably have a significant impact upon the chemical composition of rain.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Surface Propensity of Aqueous Atmospheric Bromine at the Liquid-Gas Interface.
Ivan Gladich,Shuzhen Chen,Mario Vazdar,Anthony Boucly,Huanyu Yang,Huanyu Yang,Markus Ammann,Luca Artiglia +7 more
TL;DR: Hypobromous acid, a reaction intermediate in the oxidation process, is the only species showing surface propensity, which supports the idea of the complete bromide oxidation reaction sequence to bromine occurring at the interface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of the sulfur(IV) catalyzed autoxidation of cobalt(II) in an azide containing medium as a means for the determination of sulfite in precipitation
J. Gebert,E. A. Neves,D. Klockow +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and fast spectrophotometric method for sulfite determinations in aqueous solution is presented. But only two potential interferences from iron(III) and formaldehyde are of practical relevance.
Book ChapterDOI
Aquatic Photochemical Reactions in Atmospheric, Surface, and Marine Waters: Influences on Oxidant Formation and Pollutant Degradation
TL;DR: The kinetic characterizations of direct photolysis and indirect photoreactions in natural waters are described in this article, including the reactions of multiple species in rapid reversible equilibrium, and the photochemical sources, fates, and environmental effects of various photo-reactants are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behavior of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Atmosphere and Rainwater in Kyoto, and Its Effect on the Oxidation of SO2 in Rainwater.
TL;DR: The diurnal and seasonal variations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in the atmosphere and rainwater were measured in Kyoto since 1998, and the factors affecting the formation of atmospheric H2O 2 were analyzed as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric sulfur and deep convective clouds in tropical Pacific: A model study
Constantin Andronache,Leo J. Donner,Charles J. Seman,Venkatachalam Ramaswamy,Richard S. Hemler +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, a high-resolution limited area nonhydrostatic model was used to simulate sulfate-cloud interactions during the convective activity in a case study from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment, December 20-25, 1992.
References
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Book
Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate Constants for Reactions of Inorganic Radicals in Aqueous Solution
TL;DR: In this article, rate constants have been compiled for reactions of various inorganic radicals produced by radiolysis or photolysis, as well as by other chemical means in aqueous solutions.
Book
The physics of clouds
F. H. Ludlam,Basil John Mason +1 more
TL;DR: In the last fifteen years there has been a surge of activity in this science under the stimulus of development in civil and military aviation as discussed by the authors, and the growth of cloud physics during this period has been fostered not only by this general invigoration, but also by recognition of the practicability of exerting some influence upon the behaviour of clouds and their capacity for producing rain, hail, lightning and other meteorological phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted.
TL;DR: A radical chain reaction is proposed for the rapid removal of carbon monoxide, leading to acarbon monoxide lifetime as low as 0.2 year in the surface atmosphere.
Book
Highly dispersed aerosols
N.A. Fuchs,A.G. Sutugin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the processes leading to the formation of high-dispersed aerosols with particle size below 0.1 μ and the methods of generation and investigation of these aerosols are treated as well as their physical properties differing fundamentally from those of coarse aerosols.