The hypoxic testicle: physiology and pathophysiology.
Juan G. Reyes,Jorge G. Farías,Sebastián Henríquez-Olavarrieta,Eva Madrid,Mario Párraga,Andrea B. Zepeda,Ricardo D. Moreno +6 more
TLDR
It is suggested that conditions such as germ cell apoptosis and DNA damage are common features in hypoxia and varicocele and testicular torsion and oxidative damage seems to be present in these conditions during the initiation stages of germ cell damage and apoptosis.Abstract:
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex biological process occurring in the seminiferous tubules in the testis. This process represents a delicate balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In most mammals, the testicles are kept in the scrotum 2 to 7°C below body core temperature, and the spermatogenic process proceeds with a blood and oxygen supply that is fairly independent of changes in other vascular beds in the body. Despite this apparently well-controlled local environment, pathologies such as varicocele or testicular torsion and environmental exposure to low oxygen (hypoxia) can result in changes in blood flow, nutrients, and oxygen supply along with an increased local temperature that may induce adverse effects on Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis. These conditions may lead to male subfertility or infertility. Our literature analyses and our own results suggest that conditions such as germ cell apoptosis and DNA damage are common features in hypoxia and varicocele and testicular torsion. Furthermore, oxidative damage seems to be present in these conditions during the initiation stages of germ cell damage and apoptosis. Other mechanisms like membrane-bound metalloproteinases and phospholipase A2 activation could also be part of the pathophysiological consequences of testicular hypoxia.read more
Citations
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ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Testis Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Letteria Minutoli,Domenico Puzzolo,Mariagrazia Rinaldi,Natasha Irrera,Herbert Marini,Vincenzo Arcoraci,Alessandra Bitto,Giovanni Crea,Antonina Pisani,Francesco Squadrito,Vincenzo Trichilo,Daniele Bruschetta,Antonio Micali,Domenica Altavilla +13 more
TL;DR: The current knowledge on the role of NLRP3 in some organs (brain, heart, kidney, and testis) after I/R injury is described, with particular regard to the role played by ROS in its activation.
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Peripheral reproductive organ health and melatonin: ready for prime time.
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The hazardous effects of tobacco smoking on male fertility.
TL;DR: Underlying these effects, elevated oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis may play important roles collaboratively in the overall effect of tobacco smoking on male fertility.
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Chronic exposures and male fertility: the impacts of environment, diet, and drug use on spermatogenesis.
J. S. Gabrielsen,Cigdem Tanrikut +1 more
TL;DR: A review of the literature related to effects of chronic exposures from drug use, dietary intake, and the environment on spermatogenesis in humans and animals finds that they may significantly influence male reproductive potential.
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the hypoxic tissue: role of HIF-1 and ROS.
Andrea B. Zepeda,Adalberto Pessoa,Rodrigo L. Castillo,Carolina A. Figueroa,Victor M Pulgar,Victor M Pulgar,Jorge G. Farías +6 more
TL;DR: New developments in HIF‐mediated O2 sensing mechanisms and their interactions with reactive oxygen species–generating pathways in normal and abnormal physiology are summarized.
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