The Impact of Firing Costs on Turnover and Unemployment: Evidence from the Colombian Labour Market Reform

TLDR: In this paper, the authors examined the impact of the Colombian Labor Market Reform of 1990, which substantially reduced dismissal costs, on worker turnover by exploiting the temporal change in the Colombian labor legislation as well as the variability in coverage between formal and informal sector workers.

Abstract: Reductions in firing costs are often advocated as a way of increasing the dynamism of labor markets in both developed and less developed countries. Evidence from Europe and the U.S. on the impact of firing costs has, however, been mixed. Moreover, legislative changes both in Europe and the U.S. have been limited. This paper, instead, examines the impact of the Colombian Labor Market Reform of 1990, which substantially reduced dismissal costs. I estimate the incidence of a reduction in firing costs on worker turnover by exploiting the temporal change in the Colombian labor legislation as well as the variability in coverage between formal and informal sector workers. Using a grouping estimator to control for common aggregate shocks and selection, I find that the exit hazard rates into and out of unemployment increased after the reform by over 1 percent for formal workers (covered by the legislation) relative to informal workers (uncovered). The increase of the hazards implies a net decrease in unemployment of a third of a percentage point, which accounts for about one quarter of the fall in unemployment during the period of study.