The impact of study design and diagnostic approach in a large multi-centre ADHD study: Part 2: Dimensional measures of psychopathology and intelligence
Ueli C Müller,Philip Asherson,Tobias Banaschewski,Jan K. Buitelaar,Richard P. Ebstein,J. Eisenberg,Michael Gill,Iris Manor,Ana Miranda,Robert D. Oades,Herbert Roeyers,Aribert Rothenberger,Joseph A. Sergeant,Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke,Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke,Margaret Thompson,Stephen V. Faraone,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen,Hans-Christoph Steinhausen +19 more
TLDR
When ADHD probands are diagnosed by use of fixed symptom counts, the severity of the disorder in the proband sample may markedly differ between boys and girls and across age, particularly in samples with a large age range.Abstract:
The International Multi-centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project with 11 participating centres from 7 European countries and Israel has collected a large behavioural and genetic database for present and future research. Behavioural data were collected from 1068 probands with ADHD and 1446 unselected siblings. The aim was to describe and analyse questionnaire data and IQ measures from all probands and siblings. In particular, to investigate the influence of age, gender, family status (proband vs. sibling), informant, and centres on sample homogeneity in psychopathological measures. Conners' Questionnaires, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires, and Wechsler Intelligence Scores were used to describe the phenotype of the sample. Data were analysed by use of robust statistical multi-way procedures. Besides main effects of age, gender, informant, and centre, there were considerable interaction effects on questionnaire data. The larger differences between probands and siblings at home than at school may reflect contrast effects in the parents. Furthermore, there were marked gender by status effects on the ADHD symptom ratings with girls scoring one standard deviation higher than boys in the proband sample but lower than boys in the siblings sample. The multi-centre design is another important source of heterogeneity, particularly in the interaction with the family status. To a large extent the centres differed from each other with regard to differences between proband and sibling scores. When ADHD probands are diagnosed by use of fixed symptom counts, the severity of the disorder in the proband sample may markedly differ between boys and girls and across age, particularly in samples with a large age range. A multi-centre design carries the risk of considerable phenotypic differences between centres and, consequently, of additional heterogeneity of the sample even if standardized diagnostic procedures are used. These possible sources of variance should be counteracted in genetic analyses either by using age and gender adjusted diagnostic procedures and regional normative data or by adjusting for design artefacts by use of covariate statistics, by eliminating outliers, or by other methods suitable for reducing heterogeneity.read more
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Introduction To Robust Estimation And Hypothesis Testing
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Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: While more research is needed, DTI proves to be a promising technique, providing new prospects and challenges for future research into the pathophysiology of ADHD, and guidelines for future DTI research are provided.
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The NeuroIMAGE study: a prospective phenotypic, cognitive, genetic and MRI study in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Design and descriptives
Daniel von Rhein,Maarten Mennes,Hanneke van Ewijk,Annabeth P. Groenman,Annabeth P. Groenman,Marcel P. Zwiers,Jaap Oosterlaan,Dirk J. Heslenfeld,Barbara Franke,Pieter J. Hoekstra,Stephen V. Faraone,Catharina A. Hartman,Jan K. Buitelaar +12 more
TL;DR: The NeuroIMAGE dataset allows examining the course of ADHD over adolescence into young adulthood, identifying phenotypic, cognitive, and neural mechanisms associated with the persistence versus remission of ADHD, and studying their genetic and environmental underpinnings.
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Developmentally stable whole-brain volume reductions and developmentally sensitive caudate and putamen volume alterations in those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected siblings.
Corina U. Greven,Corina U. Greven,Janita Bralten,Maarten Mennes,Laurence O'Dwyer,Kimm J. E. van Hulzen,Nanda Rommelse,Lizanne J. S. Schweren,Pieter J. Hoekstra,Catharina A. Hartman,Dirk J. Heslenfeld,Jaap Oosterlaan,Stephen V. Faraone,Barbara Franke,Marcel P. Zwiers,Alejandro Arias-Vasquez,Jan K. Buitelaar +16 more
TL;DR: The age-by-diagnosis interaction in the caudate and putamen supports the relevance of different brain developmental trajectories in participants with ADHD vs control individuals and supports the role of subcortical basal ganglia alterations in the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Autism spectrum disorders and autistic traits share genetics and biology
Janita Bralten,K.J.E. van Hulzen,Marijn B. Martens,Tessel E. Galesloot,A. Arias Vasquez,Lambertus A. Kiemeney,Jan K. Buitelaar,J.W. Muntjewerff,Barbara Franke,Geert Poelmans +9 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for an overlapping genetic and biological etiology underlying ASDs and autistic population traits, which suggests that genetic studies in the general population may yield novel ASD genes.
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