Open AccessPosted Content
The Polarizing Impact of Science Literacy and Numeracy on Perceived Climate Change Risks
Dan M. Kahan,Ellen Peters,Maggie Wittlin,Paul Slovic,Lisa Larrimore Ouellette,Donald Braman,Gregory N. Mandel +6 more
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This paper found that those with the highest degrees of science literacy and technical reasoning capacity were not the most concerned about climate change, rather, they were the ones among whom cultural polarization was greatest, suggesting that public divisions over climate change stem not from the public's incomprehension of science but from a distinctive conflict of interest.Abstract:
Seeming public apathy over climate change is often attributed to a deficit in comprehension. The public knows too little science, it is claimed, to understand the evidence or avoid being misled. Widespread limits on technical reasoning aggravate the problem by forcing citizens to use unreliable cognitive heuristics to assess risk. An empirical study found no support for this position. Members of the public with the highest degrees of science literacy and technical reasoning capacity were not the most concerned about climate change. Rather, they were the ones among whom cultural polarization was greatest. This result suggests that public divisions over climate change stem not from the public’s incomprehension of science but from a distinctive conflict of interest: between the personal interest individuals have in forming beliefs in line with those held by others with whom they share close ties and the collective one they all share in making use of the best available science to promote common welfare.read more
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Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response.
Jay J. Van Bavel,Katherine Baicker,Paulo S. Boggio,Valerio Capraro,Aleksandra Cichocka,Aleksandra Cichocka,Mina Cikara,Molly J. Crockett,Alia J. Crum,Karen M. Douglas,James N. Druckman,John Drury,Oeindrila Dube,Naomi Ellemers,Eli J. Finkel,James H. Fowler,Michele J. Gelfand,Shihui Han,S. Alexander Haslam,Jolanda Jetten,Shinobu Kitayama,Dean Mobbs,Lucy E. Napper,Dominic J. Packer,Gordon Pennycook,Ellen Peters,Richard E. Petty,David G. Rand,Stephen Reicher,Simone Schnall,Azim F. Shariff,Linda J. Skitka,Sandra Susan Smith,Cass R. Sunstein,Nassim Tabri,Joshua A. Tucker,Sander van der Linden,Paul A. M. Van Lange,Kim A. Weeden,Michael J. A. Wohl,Jamil Zaki,Sean R. Zion,Robb Willer +42 more
TL;DR: Evidence from a selection of research topics relevant to pandemics is discussed, including work on navigating threats, social and cultural influences on behaviour, science communication, moral decision-making, leadership, and stress and coping.
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Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world
Jon Roozenbeek,Claudia R. Schneider,Sarah Dryhurst,John R. Kerr,Alexandra L. J. Freeman,Gabriel Recchia,Anne Marthe van der Bles,Anne Marthe van der Bles,Sander van der Linden +8 more
TL;DR: A clear link between susceptibility to misinformation and both vaccine hesitancy and a reduced likelihood to comply with health guidance measures is demonstrated, and interventions which aim to improve critical thinking and trust in science may be a promising avenue for future research.
Posted Content
Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection
TL;DR: The authors found that subjects who scored highest in cognitive reflection were the most likely to display ideologically motivated cognition, which is a form of information processing that promotes individuals' interests in forming and maintaining beliefs that signify their loyalty to important affinity groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
How to SHIFT Consumer Behaviors to be More Sustainable: A Literature Review and Guiding Framework:
TL;DR: A review of the academic literature from marketing and behavioral science that exa... as mentioned in this paper highlights the important role of marketing in encouraging sustainable consumption, and presents a review of marketing and behavioural science literature that support sustainable consumption.
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Lazy, Not Biased: Susceptibility to Partisan Fake News Is Better Explained by Lack of Reasoning Than by Motivated Reasoning
Gordon Pennycook,David G. Rand +1 more
TL;DR: This paper found that cognitive reflection test performance is negatively correlated with perceived accuracy of fake news, and positively correlated with the ability to distinguish fake news from real news, even for headlines that align with individuals' political ideology.
References
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Book
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
Book
Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences
TL;DR: In this article, the Mathematical Basis for Multiple Regression/Correlation and Identification of the Inverse Matrix Elements is presented. But it does not address the problem of missing data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-Analysis: A Constantly Evolving Research Integration Tool
TL;DR: The four articles in this special section onMeta-analysis illustrate some of the complexities entailed in meta-analysis methods and contributes both to advancing this methodology and to the increasing complexities that can befuddle researchers.
Book
An Economic Theory of Democracy
TL;DR: Downs presents a rational calculus of voting that has inspired much of the later work on voting and turnout as discussed by the authors, particularly significant was his conclusion that a rational voter should almost never bother to vote.
MonographDOI
Causality: models, reasoning, and inference
TL;DR: The art and science of cause and effect have been studied in the social sciences for a long time as mentioned in this paper, see, e.g., the theory of inferred causation, causal diagrams and the identification of causal effects.