Journal ArticleDOI
The ''Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' Test Revised Version: A Study with Normal Adults, and Adults with Asperger Syndrome or High-functioning Autism
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TLDR
The Revised Eyes Test has improved power to detect subtle individual differences in social sensitivity and was inversely correlated with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (the AQ), a measure of autistic traits in adults of normal intelligence.Abstract:
In 1997 in this Journal we published the ‘‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’’ Test, as a measure of adult ‘‘mentalising’’. Whilst that test succeeded in discriminating a group of adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA) from controls, it suered from several psychometric problems. In this paper these limitations are rectified by revising the test. The Revised Eyes Test was administered to a group of adults with AS or HFA (N fl 15) and again discriminated these from a large number of normal controls (N fl 239) drawn from dierent samples. In both the clinical and control groups the Eyes Test was inversely correlated with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (the AQ), a measure of autistic traits in adults of normal intelligence. The Revised Eyes Test has improved power to detect subtle individual dierences in social sensitivity.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy: heritability, and correlates with sex, neuropsychiatric conditions and cognition
Varun Warrier,Katrina L. Grasby,Florina Uzefovsky,Florina Uzefovsky,Roberto Toro,Roberto Toro,Peter K. Smith,Bhismadev Chakrabarti,Jyoti Khadake,E. Mawbey-Adamson,Nadia K. Litterman,J-J Hottenga,Gitta H. Lubke,Dorret I. Boomsma,Nicholas G. Martin,Peter K. Hatemi,S. E. Medland,David A. Hinds,Thomas Bourgeron,Thomas Bourgeron,Simon Baron-Cohen,Simon Baron-Cohen +21 more
TL;DR: A genome-wide meta-analysis of cognitive empathy using the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ Test (Eyes Test) in 88,056 research volunteers of European Ancestry and an additional 1497 research volunteers from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study identified significant genetic correlation between the Eyes Test and anorexia nervosa, openness, and different measures of educational attainment and cognitive aptitude.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural Signatures of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Insights into Brain Network Dynamics
Leanna M. Hernandez,Jeffrey D. Rudie,Shulamite A. Green,Susan Y. Bookheimer,Mirella Dapretto +4 more
TL;DR: Future longitudinal studies of brain development will be crucial to yield insights into mechanisms of disease etiology in ASD sub-populations, and allow for an integrated approach linking neuroimaging, genetics, and phenotypic data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Empathy and social problem solving in alcohol dependence, mood disorders and selected personality disorders
TL;DR: Overall, there is tentative evidence for dissociations of cognitive vs. emotional empathy dysfunction in some of these disorders, but inconsistencies in the definition of relevant concepts and their measurement, scarce neuroimaging data and rare consideration of comorbidities limit the interpretation of findings.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Double-blind, Randomized Trial of Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Peter G. Enticott,Bernadette M. Fitzgibbon,Hayley A. Kennedy,Sara Arnold,David Elliot,Amy Peachey,Abraham Zangen,Paul B. Fitzgerald +7 more
TL;DR: Deep rTMS to bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex yielded a reduction in social relating impairment and socially-related anxiety in ASD, and protocols that approximate those used in depression in an attempt to replicate and amplify the clinical response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social cognition in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jack Cotter,Joseph Firth,Christian Enzinger,Evangelos Kontopantelis,Alison R. Yung,Rebecca Elliott,Richard Drake +6 more
TL;DR: Social cognitive deficits are an overlooked but potentially important aspect of cognitive impairment in MS with potential prognostic significance for social functioning and quality of life and further research is required to clarify the longitudinal course of social cognitive dysfunction.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind
David Premack,Guy Woodruff +1 more
TL;DR: This paper showed an adult chimpanzee a series of videotaped scenes of a human actor struggling with a variety of problems, some of which were simple, such as bananas vertically or horizontally out of reach, behind a box, and so forth; others were more complex, involving an actor unable to extricate himself from a locked cage, shivering because of a malfunctioning heater, or unable to play a phonograph because it was unplugged.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception.
Heinz Wimmer,Josef Perner +1 more
TL;DR: A travelling salesman found himself spending the night at home with his wife when one of his trips was unexpectedly cancelled, and he leapt out from the bed, ran across the room and jumped out the window.
Journal ArticleDOI
The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians.
TL;DR: The Autism-Spectrum Quotient is a valuable instrument for rapidly quantifying where any given individual is situated on the continuum from autism to normality, and its potential for screening for autism spectrum conditions in adults of normal intelligence remains to be fully explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constants across cultures in the face and emotion
Paul Ekman,Wallace V. Friesen +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that members of a preliterate culture who had minimal exposure to literate cultures would associate the same emotion concepts with the same facial behaviors as do members of Western and Eastern literates.
Book
Mindblindness : An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind
TL;DR: The four steps autism and mindblindness how brains read minds the language of the eyes mindreading - back to the future was discussed in evolutionary psychology and social chess mindreading as discussed by the authors.