Journal ArticleDOI
The ''Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' Test Revised Version: A Study with Normal Adults, and Adults with Asperger Syndrome or High-functioning Autism
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TLDR
The Revised Eyes Test has improved power to detect subtle individual differences in social sensitivity and was inversely correlated with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (the AQ), a measure of autistic traits in adults of normal intelligence.Abstract:
In 1997 in this Journal we published the ‘‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’’ Test, as a measure of adult ‘‘mentalising’’. Whilst that test succeeded in discriminating a group of adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA) from controls, it suered from several psychometric problems. In this paper these limitations are rectified by revising the test. The Revised Eyes Test was administered to a group of adults with AS or HFA (N fl 15) and again discriminated these from a large number of normal controls (N fl 239) drawn from dierent samples. In both the clinical and control groups the Eyes Test was inversely correlated with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (the AQ), a measure of autistic traits in adults of normal intelligence. The Revised Eyes Test has improved power to detect subtle individual dierences in social sensitivity.read more
Citations
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The animal and human neuroendocrinology of social cognition, motivation and behavior
Cade McCall,Tania Singer +1 more
TL;DR: A more comprehensive look at the distinct networks identified by social neuroscience and the importance of a motivational state, in addition to approach and avoidance, associated with quiescence and homeostatic regulation is advocated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bridging the transmission gap: An end to an important mystery of attachment research?
Peter Fonagy,Mary Target +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the attachment relationships of infancy fulfil an evolutionary role in ensuring that the brain structures that come to subserve social cognition are appropriately organised and prepared to equip the individual for the collaborative existence with other people for which his or her brain was designed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological sex affects the neurobiology of autism
Meng-Chuan Lai,Meng-Chuan Lai,Michael V. Lombardo,John Suckling,Amber N. V. Ruigrok,Bhismadev Chakrabarti,Bhismadev Chakrabarti,Christine Ecker,Sean C.L. Deoni,Michael C. Craig,Declan G. Murphy,Edward T. Bullmore,Edward T. Bullmore,Edward T. Bullmore,Simon Baron-Cohen,Simon Baron-Cohen +15 more
TL;DR: It is found that the neuroanatomy of autism differed between adult males and females, evidenced by minimal spatial overlap, and substantially large white matter regions showing significant sex × diagnosis interactions in the 2 × 2 factorial design, which suggest that autism manifests differently by biological sex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxytocin, brain physiology, and functional connectivity: a review of intranasal oxytocin fMRI studies.
Richard A. I. Bethlehem,Richard A. I. Bethlehem,Jack van Honk,Jack van Honk,Bonnie Auyeung,Simon Baron-Cohen +5 more
TL;DR: It is argued that OT has the potential to not only modulate activity in a set of specific brain regions, but also the functional connectivity between these regions, and to contribute to the understanding of the neural networks in the social brain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancing Empathy and Theory of Mind
Thalia R. Goldstein,Ellen Winner +1 more
TL;DR: This paper showed that experience in acting, an activity in which one must step into the shoes of others, leads to growth in both empathy and theory of mind, and showed that adolescents receiving acting training also showed significant gains on a naturalistic measure of self-worth.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind
David Premack,Guy Woodruff +1 more
TL;DR: This paper showed an adult chimpanzee a series of videotaped scenes of a human actor struggling with a variety of problems, some of which were simple, such as bananas vertically or horizontally out of reach, behind a box, and so forth; others were more complex, involving an actor unable to extricate himself from a locked cage, shivering because of a malfunctioning heater, or unable to play a phonograph because it was unplugged.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception.
Heinz Wimmer,Josef Perner +1 more
TL;DR: A travelling salesman found himself spending the night at home with his wife when one of his trips was unexpectedly cancelled, and he leapt out from the bed, ran across the room and jumped out the window.
Journal ArticleDOI
The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians.
TL;DR: The Autism-Spectrum Quotient is a valuable instrument for rapidly quantifying where any given individual is situated on the continuum from autism to normality, and its potential for screening for autism spectrum conditions in adults of normal intelligence remains to be fully explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constants across cultures in the face and emotion
Paul Ekman,Wallace V. Friesen +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that members of a preliterate culture who had minimal exposure to literate cultures would associate the same emotion concepts with the same facial behaviors as do members of Western and Eastern literates.
Book
Mindblindness : An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind
TL;DR: The four steps autism and mindblindness how brains read minds the language of the eyes mindreading - back to the future was discussed in evolutionary psychology and social chess mindreading as discussed by the authors.