The secreted peptide PIP1 amplifies immunity through receptor-like kinase 7.
Shu-guo Hou,Xin-Xin Wang,Donghua Chen,Xue Yang,Mei Wang,David Turrà,Antonio Di Pietro,Wei Zhang +7 more
TLDR
Genetic and biochemical analyses suggested that the receptor-like kinase 7 (RLK7) functions as a receptor of PIP1, which initiates overlapping and distinct immune signaling responses together with the DAMP PEP1 in A. thaliana, providing significant insights into immune modulation by Arabidopsis endogenous secreted peptides.Abstract:
In plants, innate immune responses are initiated by plasma membrane-located pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) upon recognition of elicitors, including exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Arabidopsis thaliana produces more than 1000 secreted peptide candidates, but it has yet to be established whether any of these act as elicitors. Here we identified an A. thaliana gene family encoding precursors of PAMP-induced secreted peptides (prePIPs) through an in-silico approach. The expression of some members of the family, including prePIP1 and prePIP2, is induced by a variety of pathogens and elicitors. Subcellular localization and proteolytic processing analyses demonstrated that the prePIP1 product is secreted into extracellular spaces where it is cleaved at the C-terminus. Overexpression of prePIP1 and prePIP2, or exogenous application of PIP1 and PIP2 synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminal conserved regions in prePIP1 and prePIP2, enhanced immune responses and pathogen resistance in A. thaliana. Genetic and biochemical analyses suggested that the receptor-like kinase 7 (RLK7) functions as a receptor of PIP1. Once perceived by RLK7, PIP1 initiates overlapping and distinct immune signaling responses together with the DAMP PEP1. PIP1 and PEP1 cooperate in amplifying the immune responses triggered by the PAMP flagellin. Collectively, these studies provide significant insights into immune modulation by Arabidopsis endogenous secreted peptides.read more
Citations
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Function, Discovery, and Exploitation of Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance
Freddy Boutrot,Cyril Zipfel +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors comprehensively review known pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) recognized by plants as well as the plant PRRs described to date.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Chaos to Harmony: Responses and Signaling upon Microbial Pattern Recognition.
TL;DR: An update on the current understanding of how plants recognize and respond to nonself patterns is presented, a process from which the seemingly chaotic responses form into a harmonic defense.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern recognition receptors and signaling in plant-microbe interactions.
TL;DR: The functional significance and molecular basis of PRR-mediated pathogen recognition and disease resistance, and also an emerging role for PRRs in homeostatic association with beneficial or commensal microbes are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensing Danger: Key to Activating Plant Immunity.
TL;DR: This work highlights the ongoing challenge to understand how plants sense various danger signals and integrate this information to produce an appropriate immune response to diverse challenges.
Journal ArticleDOI
A fungal pathogen secretes plant alkalinizing peptides to increase infection.
Sara Masachis,David Segorbe,David Turrà,Mercedes Leon-Ruiz,Ursula Fürst,Mennat El Ghalid,Guy Leonard,Manuel S. López-Berges,Thomas A. Richards,Georg Felix,Antonio Di Pietro +10 more
TL;DR: Fungal mutants lacking a functional Fusarium (F)-RALF peptide failed to induce host alkalinization and showed markedly reduced virulence in tomato plants, while eliciting a strong host immune response.
References
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The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Prediction of Signal Peptides: SignalP 3.0
TL;DR: Improvements of the currently most popular method for prediction of classically secreted proteins, SignalP, which consists of two different predictors based on neural network and hidden Markov model algorithms, where both components have been updated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Renaissance of Elicitors: Perception of Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns and Danger Signals by Pattern-Recognition Receptors
Thomas Boller,Georg Felix +1 more
TL;DR: Current evidence indicates that MAMPs, DAMPs, and effectors are all perceived as danger signals and induce a stereotypic defense response, and the importance of MAMP/PRR signaling for plant immunity is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity
Tsuneaki Asai,Guillaume Tena,Joulia Plotnikova,Matthew R. Willmann,Wan-Ling Chiu,Lourdes Gómez-Gómez,Thomas Boller,Frederick M. Ausubel,Jen Sheen +8 more
TL;DR: An Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell system based on the induction of early-defence gene transcription by flagellin, a highly conserved component of bacterial flagella that functions as a PAMP in plants and mammals is developed, suggesting that signalling events initiated by diverse pathogens converge into a conserved MAPK cascade.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perception of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by the receptor EFR restricts Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
Cyril Zipfel,Gernot Kunze,Delphine Chinchilla,Anne Caniard,Jonathan D. G. Jones,Thomas Boller,Georg Felix +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that flagellin and EF-Tu activate a common set of signaling events and defense responses but without clear synergistic effects, and that plant defense responses induced by PAMPs such as EF- Tu reduce transformation by Agrobacterium.