Journal ArticleDOI
The spatial distribution of severe thunderstorm and tornado environments from global reanalysis data
TLDR
In this paper, the authors used the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis system to create soundings and find environmental conditions associated with significant severe thunderstorms (hail at least 5 cm in diameter, wind gusts at least 120 km h � 1, or a tornado of at least F2 damage) and to discriminate between significant tornadic and non-tornadic thunderstorm environments in the eastern United States for the period 1997-1999.About:
This article is published in Atmospheric Research.The article was published on 2003-07-01. It has received 528 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Tornado climatology & Thunderstorm.read more
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Book Chapter
Chapter 12 - Long-term climate change: Projections, commitments and irreversibility
Matthew Collins,R. Knutti,Julie M. Arblaster,J.-L. Dufresne,T. Fichefet,P. Friedlingstein,Xuejie Gao,William J. Gutowski,T. Johns,Gerhard Krinner,Mxolisi Shongwe,C. Tebaldi,A.J. Weaver,M. F. Wehner +13 more
TL;DR: The authors assesses long-term projections of climate change for the end of the 21st century and beyond, where the forced signal depends on the scenario and is typically larger than the internal variability of the climate system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Where are the most intense thunderstorms on earth
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show the results of a systematic search through seven full years of the TRMM database to find indicators of uncommonly intense storms, such as strong (> 40 dBZ) radar echoes extending to great heights, high lightning flash rates, and very low brightness temperatures at 37 and 85 GHz.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source
Ulrich Schumann,Heidi Huntrieser +1 more
TL;DR: The best estimate of the annual global LNOx nitrogen oxides nitrogen mass source and its uncertainty range is (5±3) Tg a−1 in this paper, implying larger flash-specific NOx emissions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Monitoring and Understanding Trends in Extreme Storms: State of Knowledge
Kenneth E. Kunkel,Thomas R. Karl,Harold E. Brooks,James P. Kossin,Jay H. Lawrimore,Derek S. Arndt,Lance F. Bosart,David Changnon,Susan L. Cutter,Nolan J. Doesken,Kerry Emanuel,Pavel Ya. Groisman,Richard W. Katz,Thomas R. Knutson,James J. O'Brien,Christopher J. Paciorek,Thomas C. Peterson,Kelly T. Redmond,David A. Robinson,Jeff Trapp,Russell S. Vose,Scott J. Weaver,Michael Wehner,Klaus Wolter,Donald J. Wuebbles +24 more
TL;DR: The state of knowledge regarding trends and an understanding of their causes for a specific subset of extreme weather and climate types is presented in this paper for severe convective storms (tornadoes, hailstorms, and severe thunderstorms).
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in severe thunderstorm environment frequency during the 21st century caused by anthropogenically enhanced global radiative forcing
Robert J. Trapp,Noah S. Diffenbaugh,Harold E. Brooks,Michael E. Baldwin,Eric D. Robinson,Jeremy S. Pal +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use global climate models and a high-resolution regional climate model to examine the larger-scale (or "environmental") meteorological conditions that foster severe thunderstorm formation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
Eugenia Kalnay,Masao Kanamitsu,Robert Kistler,William D. Collins,D.G. Deaven,L. S. Gandin,M. Iredell,Suranjana Saha,Glenn H. White,John S. Woollen,Yuejian Zhu,Muthuvel Chelliah,Wesley Ebisuzaki,Wayne Higgins,John E. Janowiak,Kingtse C. Mo,Chester F. Ropelewski,Julian X. L. Wang,Ants Leetmaa,Richard W. Reynolds,Roy L. Jenne,Dennis Joseph +21 more
TL;DR: The NCEP/NCAR 40-yr reanalysis uses a frozen state-of-the-art global data assimilation system and a database as complete as possible, except that the horizontal resolution is T62 (about 210 km) as discussed by the authors.
Book
Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences
TL;DR: The second edition of "Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition" as mentioned in this paper presents and explains techniques used in atmospheric data summarization, analysis, testing, and forecasting.
Journal ArticleDOI
NDVI-derived land cover classifications at a global scale
Ruth DeFries,John R. Townshend +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a coarse spatial resolution (one by one degree) data set of monthly NDVI values for 1987 was used to explore the methodological issues of identifying land cover types that are spectrally distinct and applicable at the global scale, accounting for phasing of seasons in different parts of the world, validating results in the absence of reliable information on global land cover, and acquiring high quality global data sets of satellite sensor data for input to land cover classifications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Flash Flood Forecasting: An Ingredients-Based Methodology
TL;DR: In this article, an approach to forecasting the potential for flash flood-producing storms is developed, using the notion of basic ingredients, such as the duration of an event, the speed of movement and the size of the system causing the event along the direction of system movement.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Baseline Climatology of Sounding-Derived Supercell and Tornado Forecast Parameters
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined all of the 0000 UTC soundings from the United States made during the year 1992 that have nonzero convective available potential energy (CAPE) and classified them as nonsupercell thunderstorms, supercells without significant tornadoes, and supercells with significant hurricanes.