Monitoring and Understanding Trends in Extreme Storms: State of Knowledge
Kenneth E. Kunkel,Thomas R. Karl,Harold E. Brooks,James P. Kossin,Jay H. Lawrimore,Derek S. Arndt,Lance F. Bosart,David Changnon,Susan L. Cutter,Nolan J. Doesken,Kerry Emanuel,Pavel Ya. Groisman,Richard W. Katz,Thomas R. Knutson,James J. O'Brien,Christopher J. Paciorek,Thomas C. Peterson,Kelly T. Redmond,David A. Robinson,Jeff Trapp,Russell S. Vose,Scott J. Weaver,Michael Wehner,Klaus Wolter,Donald J. Wuebbles +24 more
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The state of knowledge regarding trends and an understanding of their causes for a specific subset of extreme weather and climate types is presented in this paper for severe convective storms (tornadoes, hailstorms, and severe thunderstorms).Abstract:
The state of knowledge regarding trends and an understanding of their causes is presented for a specific subset of extreme weather and climate types. For severe convective storms (tornadoes, hailstorms, and severe thunderstorms), differences in time and space of practices of collecting reports of events make using the reporting database to detect trends extremely difficult. Overall, changes in the frequency of environments favorable for severe thunderstorms have not been statistically significant. For extreme precipitation, there is strong evidence for a nationally averaged upward trend in the frequency and intensity of events. The causes of the observed trends have not been determined with certainty, although there is evidence that increasing atmospheric water vapor may be one factor. For hurricanes and typhoons, robust detection of trends in Atlantic and western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) activity is significantly constrained by data heterogeneity and deficient quantification of internal variab...read more
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The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)
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