The Taurine and Hypotaurine Content of Human Semen
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TLDR
Higher concentrations of tauraine in the sperm of infertile men suggest that accelerated oxidation of hypotaurine to taurine may accompany the observed decline in other sperm parameters.Abstract:
Taurine and hypotaurine levels were measured in human sperm and seminal fluid. Sperm taurine ranged from 17 nmol/mg DNA to 348 nmol/mg DNA, and hypotaurine from 0 nmol/mg DNA to 251 nmol/mg DNA. Seminal fluid contained 319 mumol/L to 1590 mumol/L of taurine, but no detectable hypotaurine. The coefficient of variation in multiple ejaculates from a single man for these components ranged from 12% for hypotaurine to 24% for seminal fluid taurine, indicating a relative constancy in their concentrations. Sperm hypotaurine content was significantly correlated with sperm morphology, sperm relative forward progression, the percentage of motile sperm, and the total number of sperm in the ejaculate. By contrast, sperm taurine content was negatively correlated with these parameters. The mean hypotaurine content of sperm from 8 fertile men was 149 +/- 92 nmol/mg DNA, four times higher than that of sperm from 9 infertile men, which was 35 +/- 19 nmol/mg DNA (P = 0.011). In contrast, the mean sperm taurine content of the fertile men was lower than that of the infertile men (83 +/- 33 nmol/mg DNA versus 168 +/- 119 nmol/mg DNA, respectively; P = 0.07). Seminal fluid taurine concentrations, however, were similar for both groups. Hypotaurine, an antioxidant, may play an important role in protecting sperm from reactive oxygen species. Higher concentrations of taurine in the sperm of infertile men suggest that accelerated oxidation of hypotaurine to taurine may accompany the observed decline in other sperm parameters.read more
Citations
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Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility
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The influence of trehalose, taurine, cysteamine and hyaluronan on ram semen Microscopic and oxidative stress parameters after freeze-thawing process.
TL;DR: Catalase (CAT) activities were higher in the group that was applied 25mM taurine as an antioxidant, than in all of the other groups in this study, and the addition of antioxidants did not cause significant differences in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutATHione peroxidase (G SH-Px), after thawing, when compared to groups with no additives.
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Reactive Oxygen Species: Potential Cause for DNA Fragmentation in Human Spermatozoa
TL;DR: ROS can cause an increase in DNA fragmentation and pretreatment with antioxidants can reduce DNA damage, and the addition of antioxidants significantly decreased the amount of DNA damage induced by ROS generation.
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Motility and fertility of bull sperm in whole milk extender containing antioxidants.
TL;DR: Antioxidants generally were not beneficial, except the percentage of motile sperm was improved by 6-11% units when sperm were stored unfrozen or after freezing when 0.5mM of GSH with or without SOD was added, which may have more useful applications in organizations using an egg yolk-based semen extender.
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Etiologies of sperm oxidative stress.
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