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Journal ArticleDOI

The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior

Edward L. Deci, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2000 - 
- Vol. 11, Iss: 4, pp 227-268
TLDR
Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as mentioned in this paper maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being.
Abstract
Self-determination theory (SDT) maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. We discuss the SDT concept of needs as it relates to previous need theories, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being. This concept of needs leads to the hypotheses that different regulatory processes underlying goal pursuits are differentially associated with effective functioning and well-being and also that different goal contents have different relations to the quality of behavior and mental health, specifically because different regulatory processes and different goal contents are associated with differing degrees of need satisfaction. Social contexts and individual differences that support satisfaction of the basic needs facilitate natural growth processes including intrinsically motivated behavior and integration of extrinsic motivations, whereas those that forestall autonomy, competence, or relatedness are associated with poorer motivation, performance, and well-being. We also discuss the relation of the psychological needs to cultural values, evolutionary processes, and other contemporary motivation theories.

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On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being

TL;DR: This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.
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Self‐determination theory and work motivation

TL;DR: The authors describes self-determination theory as a theory of work motivation and shows its relevance to theories of organizational behavior, which has received widespread attention in the education, health care, and sport domains.
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Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership

TL;DR: Authentic Leadership Development (ALD) as mentioned in this paper is an emerging field of research in the field of leadership development, with a focus on transforming, charismatic, servant, and spiritual leadership perspectives.
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The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the Presence of and Search for Meaning in Life

TL;DR: The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) as mentioned in this paper is a 10-item measure of the presence of, and the search for, meaning in life, which was developed to measure the emotional well-being of counseling patients.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Four-Phase Model of Interest Development.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a 4-phase model of interest development, which describes four phases in the development and deepening of learner interest: triggered situational interest, maintained interest, emerging (less developed) individual interest, and well-developed individual interest.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: Relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement, and dropout☆

TL;DR: Results revealed that internalized motivation was associated with greater patient involvement and retention in treatment, and problem severity was also related to a greater degree ofinternalized motivation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Revitalization through Self-Regulation: The Effects of Autonomous and Controlled Motivation on Happiness and Vitality

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of experimentally induced motivational orientations on the subtly different positive affects of vitality and happiness were examined, and the importance of differentiating positive outcomes in terms of their underlying motives and of giving increased attention to understanding restorative environments.
Journal ArticleDOI

Toward a theory of motive acquisition.

TL;DR: A program of research has been under way for some time which is attempting to develop the achievement motive in adults in an attempt to fill some of the gaps in knowledge about personality change or the acquisition of complex human characteristics.
Book

Women's Growth In Connection: Writings from the Stone Center

TL;DR: In this article, the development of women's sense of self and self-awareness is discussed from a developmental perspective, and the meaning of self-in-relation is discussed.
Book

The Moral Sense

TL;DR: Wilson as discussed by the authors argues that our basic sense of right and wrong actually has a biological and behavioural origin, and that this sense arises from the infant's innate sociability, though it must also be nurtured by parental influence.
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