Tracing of cells of the avian thymus through embryonic life in interspecific chimeras.
N M Le Douarin,Francine Jotereau +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
It was demonstrated that the whole lymphoid population of the thymus is derived from immigrant blood-borne stem cells which are chemically attracted by the endoderm of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch.Abstract:
Differences in the structure of the interphase nucleus between two species of birds, the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and the chick (Gallus gallus) has been used to distinguish cells from different origins in interspecies combinations. This biological cell marking technique was applied to thymus histogenesis. Using various combinations between components of quail and chick thymic rudiments, the respective contribution of endodermal epithelium, mesenchyme, and blood-borne extrinsic elements to the histogenesis of thymus was analyzed. It was demonstrated that the whole lymphoid population of the thymus is derived from immigrant blood-borne stem cells which are chemically attracted by the endoderm of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch. The latter is determined to differentiate into thymic epithelial reticulum as soon as the 15-somite stage, and is able to attract blood stem cells even when transplanted in an heterotopic position such as the ventral body wall of the embryo. It was shown that the thymic mesenchyme originates from the neural crest mesectoderm which colonizes early the 3rd and 4th branchial arches. It participates in the formation of perivascular mesenchyme, but does not give rise to lymphocytes. From heterospecific transplantations of quail thymuses into chick embryo (and inversely) at various stages of development is appeared that the thymic rudiment becomes attractive for lymphoid stem cells at a precise stage of its evolution for each species. The attractivity period lasts about 24 h for the quail and 36 h for the chick. Then, the inflow of stem cells becomes very low until the end of the incubation period. At this time, a second wave of lymphocytoblasts invades the thymus and the primitive embryonic lymphoid population is completely renewed around the hatching time. Competent thymic stem cells are present in the blood before and after the period of physiological thymic attractivity. The identity of basophilic cells appearing in the thymus during its histogenesis and lymphoid stem cells has been demonstrated from the analysis of quail-chick chimeric thymuses.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The SCID-hu mouse: murine model for the analysis of human hematolymphoid differentiation and function.
TL;DR: Experimental data are presented showing that human fetal liver hematopoietic cells, human fetal thymus, and human fetal lymph node support the differentiation of mature human T cells and B cells after engraftment into mice with genetically determined severe combined immunodeficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Primary Immunodeficiencies
TL;DR: The primary immunodeficiency disorders reflect abnormalities in the development and maturation of cells of the immune system, which result in an increased susceptibility to infection; recurrent pyogenic infections occur with defects of humoral immunity, and opportunistic infections with defect of cell-mediated immunity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Journey through the thymus: stromal guides for T-cell development and selection
TL;DR: The importance of stroma-derived chemokines in guiding the traffic of developing thymocytes is discussed, with an emphasis on the processes of cortex-to-medulla migration and T-cell-repertoire selection, including central tolerance.
Journal ArticleDOI
TSLP: An Epithelial Cell Cytokine that Regulates T Cell Differentiation by Conditioning Dendritic Cell Maturation
Yong-Jun Liu,Vasilli Soumelis,Norihiko Watanabe,Tomoki Ito,Yui-Hsi Wang,Rene De Waal Malefyt,Miyuki Omori,Baohua Zhou,Steven F. Ziegler +8 more
TL;DR: Recent studies of TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin), an epithelial cell-derived cytokine that strongly activates DCs, provide evidence at a molecular level that epithelial cells/tissue microenvironments directly communicate with DCs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular Interactions in Thymocyte Development
TL;DR: Alongside the functional roles of stromal cells, considerable progress is being made in unraveling the nature of the signaling pathways involved in T cell development, and identification of the pre-T cell receptor and associated signaling molecules marks an important advance.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo
TL;DR: In this article, a series of normal stages of the chick embryo is described in terms of the length of time of incubation, except for the first three days during which more detailed characteristics such as the number of somites are applied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mikroskopisch-chemischer Nachweis einer Nucleinsäure vom Typus der Thymonucleinsäure und die- darauf beruhende elektive Färbung von Zellkernen in mikroskopischen Präparaten.
R. Feulgren,H. Rossenbeck +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
The functions of the thymus system and the bursa system in the chicken
TL;DR: The bursa of Fabricius and the thymus are "central lymphoid organs" in the chicken, essential to the ontogenetic development of adaptive immunity in that species, and surgical removal of one or both of these organs has permitted recognition of two morphologically distinct cell systems in the "peripheral lymphoid tissues" of the spleen, gut, and other organs.
Journal ArticleDOI
A biological cell labeling technique and its use in experimental embryology
TL;DR: Quail cells can be used as “natural markers” to study various embryological problems such as those related to intercellular interactions and cell migration during ontogeny.