Trans (Elaidic) Fatty Acids Adversely Affect the Lipoprotein Profile Relative to Specific Saturated Fatty Acids in Humans
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TLDR
The negative effect of elaidic acid on the lipoprotein profile of humans appears to be unmatched by any other natural fatty acid(s).Abstract:
Although dietary trans fatty acids can affect plasma lipoproteins negatively in humans, no direct comparison with specific saturated fatty acids has been reported, even though trans fatty acids were designed to replace saturates in foods and food processing. In this study, dietary trans 18:1 [elaidic acid at 5.5% energy (en)] was specifically exchanged for cis 18:1, 16:0 or 12:0 + 14:0 in 27 male and female subjects consuming moderate fat (31% en), low cholesterol (<225 mg/d) whole food diets during 4-wk diet periods in a crossover design. The trans-rich fat significantly elevated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol relative to the 16:0-rich and 18:1-rich fats and uniquely depressed HDL cholesterol relative to all of the fats tested. Trans fatty acids also elevated lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] values relative to all dietary treatments. Furthermore, identical effects on lipoproteins were elicited by 16:0 and cis 18:1 in these subjects. The current results suggest that elaidic acid, one of the principal trans isomers produced during industrial hydrogenation of edible oils, adversely affects plasma lipoproteins. Thus, the negative effect of elaidic acid on the lipoprotein profile of humans appears to be unmatched by any other natural fatty acid(s).read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease.
Frank B. Hu,Walter C. Willett +1 more
TL;DR: Substantial evidence indicates that diets using nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the main form of carbohydrates, an abundance of fruits and vegetables, and adequate omega-3 fatty acids can offer significant protection against CHD.
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Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a critical review.
TL;DR: Evidence from epidemiologic studies and dietary intervention trials addressing the relationship between dietary fat intake and risk of CHD is reviewed, with a particular emphasis on different major types of fat, n-3 fatty acids and the optimal balance between n- 3 and n-6 fatty acids.
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Fatty Acids Composition of Vegetable Oils and Its Contribution to Dietary Energy Intake and Dependence of Cardiovascular Mortality on Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids
TL;DR: The significant relationship between the reported data of total fat, SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs intakes for adults and mortality caused by coronary heart diseases (CHD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in twelve countries has not been confirmed by Spearman’s correlations.
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Red meat consumption: an overview of the risks and benefits.
Alison J. McAfee,Emeir M. McSorley,Geraldine Cuskelly,Bruce W. Moss,Julie M. W. Wallace,Maxine P. Bonham,Anna M Fearon +6 more
TL;DR: Moderate consumption of lean red meat as part of a balanced diet is unlikely to increase risk for CVD or colon cancer, but may positively influence nutrient intakes and fatty acid profiles, thereby impacting positively on long-term health.
References
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Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects.
TL;DR: The effect of trans fatty acids on the serum lipoprotein profile is at least as unfavorable as that of the cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids, because they not only raise LDL cholesterol levels but also lower HDL cholesterol levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women
Walter C. Willett,Meir J. Stampfer,JoAnn E. Manson,Graham A. Colditz,Frank E. Speizer,Bernard Rosner,Laura Sampson,Charles H. Hennekens +7 more
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that trans isomers of fatty acids, formed by the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils to produce margarine and vegetable shortening, increase the ratio of plasma low-density-lipoprotein (LDL-LBP) to high-density cholesterol, so it is possible that they adversely influence risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease arnong wornen
TL;DR: Intakes of foods that are major sources of trans isomers (margarine, cookies [biscuits], cake, and white bread) were each significantly associated with higher risks of CHD, supporting the hypothesis that consumption of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils may contribute to occurrence ofCHD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary saturated and trans fatty acids and cholesterol and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: the Seven Countries Study.
Daan Kromhout,Alessandro Menotti,Bloemberg B,Christ Aravanis,Henry Blackburn,Ratko Buzina,Anastasios Dontas,Flaminio Fidanza,Simona Giampaoli,Annemarie Jansen +9 more
TL;DR: The results of these cross-cultural analyses suggest that dietary saturated and trans fatty acids and dietary cholesterol are important determinants of differences in population rates of coronary heart disease death.
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