Vaccine side-effects and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in users of the COVID Symptom Study app in the UK: a prospective observational study.
Cristina Menni,Kerstin Klaser,Anna C May,Lorenzo Polidori,Joan Capdevila,Panayiotis Louca,Carole H. Sudre,Long H. Nguyen,David A. Drew,Jordi Merino,Christina Hu,Somesh Selvachandran,Michela Antonelli,Benjamin S Murray,Liane S Canas,Erika Molteni,Mark S. Graham,Marc Modat,Amit Joshi,Massimo Mangino,Alexander Hammers,Anna Goodman,Andrew T. Chan,Jonathan Wolf,Claire J. Steves,Ana M. Valdes,Sebastien Ourselin,Tim D. Spector +27 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors examined the proportion and probability of self-reported systemic and local side-effects within 8 days of vaccination in individuals using the COVID Symptom Study app who received one or two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine or one dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.Abstract:
Summary Background The Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) and the Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) COVID-19 vaccines have shown excellent safety and efficacy in phase 3 trials. We aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines in a UK community setting. Methods In this prospective observational study, we examined the proportion and probability of self-reported systemic and local side-effects within 8 days of vaccination in individuals using the COVID Symptom Study app who received one or two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine or one dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. We also compared infection rates in a subset of vaccinated individuals subsequently tested for SARS-CoV-2 with PCR or lateral flow tests with infection rates in unvaccinated controls. All analyses were adjusted by age (≤55 years vs >55 years), sex, health-care worker status (binary variable), obesity (BMI Findings Between Dec 8, and March 10, 2021, 627 383 individuals reported being vaccinated with 655 590 doses: 282 103 received one dose of BNT162b2, of whom 28 207 received a second dose, and 345 280 received one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Systemic side-effects were reported by 13·5% (38 155 of 282 103) of individuals after the first dose of BNT162b2, by 22·0% (6216 of 28 207) after the second dose of BNT162b2, and by 33·7% (116 473 of 345 280) after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Local side-effects were reported by 71·9% (150 023 of 208 767) of individuals after the first dose of BNT162b2, by 68·5% (9025 of 13 179) after the second dose of BNT162b2, and by 58·7% (104 282 of 177 655) after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Systemic side-effects were more common (1·6 times after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 2·9 times after the first dose of BNT162b2) among individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection than among those without known past infection. Local effects were similarly higher in individuals previously infected than in those without known past infection (1·4 times after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 1·2 times after the first dose of BNT162b2). 3106 of 103 622 vaccinated individuals and 50 340 of 464 356 unvaccinated controls tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Significant reductions in infection risk were seen starting at 12 days after the first dose, reaching 60% (95% CI 49–68) for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 69% (66–72) for BNT162b2 at 21–44 days and 72% (63–79) for BNT162b2 after 45–59 days. Interpretation Systemic and local side-effects after BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination occur at frequencies lower than reported in phase 3 trials. Both vaccines decrease the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection after 12 days. Funding ZOE Global, National Institute for Health Research, Chronic Disease Research Foundation, National Institutes of Health, UK Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, UK Research and Innovation, American Gastroenterological Association.read more
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Noa Dagan,Noam Barda,Noam Barda,Noam Barda,Eldad Kepten,Oren Miron,Oren Miron,Shay Perchik,Mark A. Katz,Mark A. Katz,Mark A. Katz,Miguel A. Hernán,Marc Lipsitch,Ben Y. Reis,Ran D. Balicer,Ran D. Balicer +15 more
TL;DR: This study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting suggests that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective for a wide range of Covid-19–related outcomes, a finding consistent with that of the randomized trial.
The English indices of deprivation 2007
Michael Noble,David McLennan,Kate Wilkinson,Adam Whitworth,Sonia Exley,Helen Barnes,Chris Dibben +6 more
Abstract: The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 (IMD 2007) is a measure of multiple deprivation at the small area level. The model of multiple deprivation which underpins the IMD 2007 is the same as that which underpinned its predecessor – the IMD 2004 (Noble et al., 2004) and is based on the idea of distinct dimensions of deprivation which can be recognised and measured separately. These are experienced by individuals living in an area. People may be counted as deprived in one or more of the domains, depending on the number of types of deprivation that they experience. The overall IMD is conceptualised as a weighted area level aggregation of these specifi c dimensions of deprivation. This chapter, which draws from the ID 2004 Report, elaborates on the model of multiple deprivation that has been used and addresses issues relating to it.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19.
Cristina Menni,Ana M. Valdes,Ana M. Valdes,Maxim B. Freidin,Carole H. Sudre,Long H. Nguyen,David A. Drew,Sajaysurya Ganesh,Thomas Varsavsky,M. Jorge Cardoso,Julia S. El-Sayed Moustafa,Alessia Visconti,Pirro G. Hysi,Ruth C. E. Bowyer,Massimo Mangino,Massimo Mangino,Mario Falchi,Jonathan Wolf,Sebastien Ourselin,Andrew T. Chan,Claire J. Steves,Tim D. Spector +21 more
TL;DR: Analysis of data from a smartphone-based app designed for large-scale tracking of potential COVID-19 symptoms, used by over 2.5 million participants in the United Kingdom and United States, shows that loss of taste and smell sensations is predictive of potential SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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