Q2. How much binding energy is per in-contact atom?
For the contact of two graphene sheets, the binding energy per in-contact atom can be estimated as about ½ that for 80 bulk graphite.
Q3. What is the process for exfoliating graphite?
The 20 shearing involves vortex fluidics in a rapidly rotating tube, and is an alternative and tunable energy source for the exfoliation process with potentially minimal damage of the graphene.
Q4. What is the way to exfoliate graphite?
Sonication induced exfoliation of graphite, and other laminar materials, occurs in NMP2,3,11 which has similar surface tension 25 relative to graphene, and acts as a stabilising surfactant to avoid reassembling/restacking of the graphene.
Q5. What is the restoring force of graphene-fluid contact?
In the fluid environment, however, any graphene-90 graphene contact lost due to shearing away from perfect overlap is replaced by graphene-fluid contact so the restoring force is F0 = (σgg− σgf ) L which is presumably much weaker since, for this solvent, σgg ∼ σgf.
Q6. What is the effect of the slipped graphene stack on the wall of the tube?
if the slipped graphene stack ends up adhering to the wall of the tube, further surface energies will come into play.
Q7. How does the shearing affect the graphite sheets?
Clearly the angle and speed affects the shearing/exfoliation, although there would be an upper limit of 60 the speed where the centrifugal force accelerates the flat graphite flakes and any generated graphene to the surface of the tube, possibly minimising the extent of exfoliation.
Q8. What is the simplest explanation for the slipped stacking?
This suggests that stacks that were initially very strongly sheared may later come to equilibrium in the stationary fluid at a degree of overlap that is relatively independent of the initial degree of shearing induced by the shearing flow.
Q9. What is the aforementioned 'finger print' of graphene sheets?
In vacuo, only σgg is present, resulting 85 in a relatively strong, approximately constant slippage force F0 = σgg L parallel to the sheets, tending to pull ‘slipped’ graphene sheets back into full registry (maximum overlap area).
Q10. How many applications of graphene are there?
9,10 Developing facile methods for accessing viable 15 quantities of graphene devoid of such defects, and also of chemical degradation, is therefore important in advancing the myriad of applications of graphene.
Q11. How does the slipped stack of graphene work?
such a slippage process would require the individual sheets to be partially lifted from the surface of the bulk material at some point to provide the necessary lateral force to start the slippage, Figure 60 1(c).
Q12. How many graphene sheets were used in the experiment?
Height profile measurements using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Figure 2c and 2d, were close to 1 nm, in accordance with mono-layer 10 graphene sheets.