X Chromosome–Inactivation Patterns of 1,005 Phenotypically Unaffected Females
James M. Amos-Landgraf,Amy A. Cottle,Robert M. Plenge,Mike Friez,Charles E. Schwartz,John W. Longshore,Huntington F. Willard,Huntington F. Willard +7 more
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In this article, the significance of skewed patterns of X-chromosome inactivation was evaluated in a population of >1,000 phenotypically unaffected females, and it was shown that only a very small proportion of unaffected females showed significantly skewed inactivation, especially during the neonatal period.Abstract:
X-chromosome inactivation is widely believed to be random in early female development and to result in a mosaic distribution of cells, approximately half with the paternally derived X chromosome inactive and half with the maternally derived X chromosome inactive. Significant departures from such a random pattern are hallmarks of a variety of clinical states, including being carriers for severe X-linked diseases or X-chromosome cytogenetic abnormalities. To evaluate the significance of skewed patterns of X inactivation, we examined patterns of X inactivation in a population of >1,000 phenotypically unaffected females. The data demonstrate that only a very small proportion of unaffected females show significantly skewed inactivation, especially during the neonatal period. By comparison with this data set, the degree of skewed inactivation in a given individual can now be quantified and evaluated for its potential clinical significance.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape of X chromosome inactivation across human tissues
Taru Tukiainen,Taru Tukiainen,Alexandra-Chloé Villani,Alexandra-Chloé Villani,Angela Yen,Angela Yen,Manuel A. Rivas,Manuel A. Rivas,Manuel A. Rivas,Jamie L. Marshall,Jamie L. Marshall,Rahul Satija,Rahul Satija,Matthew Aguirre,Matthew Aguirre,Laura D. Gauthier,Laura D. Gauthier,Mark Fleharty,Andrew Kirby,Andrew Kirby,Beryl B. Cummings,Beryl B. Cummings,Stephane E. Castel,Konrad J. Karczewski,Konrad J. Karczewski,François Aguet,Andrea Byrnes,Andrea Byrnes,Tuuli Lappalainen,Aviv Regev,Aviv Regev,Kristin G. Ardlie,Nir Hacohen,Nir Hacohen,Daniel G. MacArthur,Daniel G. MacArthur +35 more
TL;DR: It is shown that incomplete XCI affects at least 23% of X-chromosomal genes, identified seven genes that escape XCI with support from multiple lines of evidence and demonstrated that escape from XCI results in sex biases in gene expression, establishing incomplete X CI as a mechanism that is likely to introduce phenotypic diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
HDAC8 mutations in Cornelia de Lange syndrome affect the cohesin acetylation cycle
Matthew A. Deardorff,Masashige Bando,Ryuichiro Nakato,Erwan Watrin,Takehiko Itoh,Masashi Minamino,Katsuya Saitoh,Makiko Komata,Yuki Katou,Dinah Clark,Kathryn E. Cole,Elfride De Baere,Christophe Decroos,Nataliya Di Donato,Sarah Ernst,Lauren J. Francey,Yolanda Gyftodimou,Kyotaro Hirashima,Melanie Hullings,Yuuichi Ishikawa,Christian Jaulin,Maninder Kaur,Tohru Kiyono,Patrick M. Lombardi,Laura Magnaghi-Jaulin,Geert Mortier,Naohito Nozaki,Michael B. Petersen,Hiroyuki Seimiya,Victoria Mok Siu,Yutaka Suzuki,Kentaro Takagaki,Jonathan J. Wilde,Patrick Willems,Claude Prigent,Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach,David W. Christianson,Frank J. Kaiser,Laird G. Jackson,Toru Hirota,Ian D. Krantz,Katsuhiko Shirahige +41 more
TL;DR: HDRAC8 is identified as the vertebrate SMC3 deacetylase, as well as loss-of-function HDAC8 mutations in six CdLS probands, which results in increased SMC 3 acetylation and inefficient dissolution of the ‘used’ cohesin complex released from chromatin in both prophase and anaphase.
Journal ArticleDOI
X-chromosome inactivation in female patients with Fabry disease.
L. Echevarria,Karelle Benistan,A. Toussaint,O. Dubourg,Albert Hagège,D. Eladari,F. Jabbour,C. Beldjord,P. De Mazancourt,Dominique P. Germain +9 more
TL;DR: Significant differences in residual α‐Gal levels, severity scores, progression of cardiomyopathy and deterioration of kidney function, depending on the direction and degree of skewing of XCI were evidenced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of MECP2-null Rett Syndrome patient hiPS cells and isogenic controls through X-chromosome inactivation
Aaron Y. L. Cheung,Lindsay M. Horvath,Daria Grafodatskaya,Peter Pasceri,Rosanna Weksberg,Akitsu Hotta,Laura Carrel,James Ellis +7 more
TL;DR: Analysis of isogenic control and mutant hiPS cell-derived neurons represents a promising source for understanding the pathogenesis of RTT and the role of MECP2 in human neurons.
Posted ContentDOI
Landscape of X chromosome inactivation across human tissues
Taru Tukiainen,Alexandra-Chloé Villani,Angela Yen,Manuel A. Rivas,Jamie L. Marshall,Rahul Satija,Matthew Aguirre,Laura D. Gauthier,Mark Fleharty,Andrew Kirby,Beryl B. Cummings,Stephane E. Castel,Konrad J. Karczewski,François Aguet,Andrea Byrnes,Tuuli Lappalainen,Aviv Regev,Kristin G. Ardlie,Nir Hacohen,Daniel G. MacArthur +19 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that escape from XCI results in sex biases in gene expression, thus establishing incomplete XCI as a likely mechanism introducing phenotypic diversity6,7 and this updated catalogue of XCI across human tissues informs the understanding of the extent and impact of the incompleteness.
References
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Book
The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of disorders of MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION, including the following: DISORDERS OF MIOCHONDRIC FERTILITY XIX, XVI, XIX.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females
TL;DR: A comprehensive X-inactivation profile of the human X chromosome is presented, representing an estimated 95% of assayable genes in fibroblast-based test systems, and suggests a remarkable and previously unsuspected degree of expression heterogeneity among females.
Journal Article
Methylation of HpaII and HhaI sites near the polymorphic CAG repeat in the human androgen-receptor gene correlates with X chromosome inactivation.
TL;DR: The human androgen-receptor gene (HUMARA) contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat in the first exon that correlates with X inactivation, and the development of a PCR assay that distinguishes between the maternal and paternal alleles and identifies their methylation status is developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A gene from the region of the human X inactivation centre is expressed exclusively from the inactive X chromosome
Carolyn J. Brown,Andrea Ballabio,James L. Rupert,Ronald G. Lafreniere,Markus Grompe,Rossana Tonlorenzi,Huntington F. Willard +6 more
TL;DR: This gene, called XIST (for Xi-specific transcripts), is a candidate for a gene either involved in or uniquely influenced by the process of X inactivation, and is described as an X-linked gene with a novel expression pattern.