Journal ArticleDOI
Xist RNA and the Mechanism of X Chromosome Inactivation
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TLDR
The authors are on the threshold of discovering the factors that regulate and interact with Xist to control X-inactivation, and closer to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this complex process.Abstract:
▪ Abstract Dosage compensation in mammals is achieved by the transcriptional inactivation of one X chromosome in female cells. From the time X chromosome inactivation was initially described, it was clear that several mechanisms must be precisely integrated to achieve correct regulation of this complex process. X-inactivation appears to be triggered upon differentiation, suggesting its regulation by developmental cues. Whereas any number of X chromosomes greater than one is silenced, only one X chromosome remains active. Silencing on the inactive X chromosome coincides with the acquisition of a multitude of chromatin modifications, resulting in the formation of extraordinarily stable facultative heterochromatin that is faithfully propagated through subsequent cell divisions. The integration of all these processes requires a region of the X chromosome known as the X-inactivation center, which contains the Xist gene and its cis-regulatory elements. Xist encodes an RNA molecule that plays critical roles in t...read more
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Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles
Aravind Subramanian,Pablo Tamayo,Vamsi K. Mootha,Sayan Mukherjee,Benjamin L. Ebert,Michael A. Gillette,Amanda G. Paulovich,Scott L. Pomeroy,Todd R. Golub,Eric S. Lander,Jill P. Mesirov +10 more
TL;DR: The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method as discussed by the authors focuses on gene sets, that is, groups of genes that share common biological function, chromosomal location, or regulation.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Long Noncoding RNAs
Kevin C. Wang,Howard Y. Chang +1 more
TL;DR: These archetypes of lncRNA function may be a useful framework to consider how lncRNAs acquire properties as biological signal transducers and hint at their possible origins in evolution.
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Modular regulatory principles of large non-coding RNAs
TL;DR: This work synthesizes studies to provide an emerging model whereby large ncRNAs might achieve regulatory specificity through modularity, assembling diverse combinations of proteins and possibly RNA and DNA interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females
TL;DR: A comprehensive X-inactivation profile of the human X chromosome is presented, representing an estimated 95% of assayable genes in fibroblast-based test systems, and suggests a remarkable and previously unsuspected degree of expression heterogeneity among females.
Journal ArticleDOI
lincRNAs act in the circuitry controlling pluripotency and differentiation
Mitchell Guttman,Julie Donaghey,Bryce W. Carey,Manuel Garber,Jennifer K. Grenier,Glen Munson,Geneva Young,Anne Bergstrom Lucas,Robert A. Ach,Laurakay Bruhn,Xiaoping Yang,Ido Amit,Alexander Meissner,Alexander Meissner,Aviv Regev,Aviv Regev,John L. Rinn,John L. Rinn,David E. Root,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander +21 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Knockdown of lincRNAs has major consequences on gene expression patterns, comparable to knockdown of well-known ES cell regulators.
References
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