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Journal ArticleDOI
John G. Shaw, M. Hack 
15 Citations
These vertical transistors are easy to fabricate, compatible with large‐area processing techniques, and have suitable terminal characteristics for use in practical circuits.
To the best of our knowledge, these are the most radiation-hard thin film transistors reported to date.
Vertical Organic Transistors are a novel technology that has the potential to overcome these limitations of OFETs.
We believe these are the fastest transistors of their kind in the world.
The IPG transistors presented here are the first based on Si, pushing this elegant transistor concept towards the important Si technology.

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Create a checklist on how to test a PNP transistor?
5 answers
To test a PNP transistor, follow this checklist: Bias the transistor to non-linearity using a harmonic-free alternating signal and compare the base and collector currents at higher harmonics to determine the beta value. Establish continuity test circuits to detect short circuits between the base and emitter or emitter and collector, and measure the collector current at a specific base to collector bias with the emitter open. Use an amplifier tuned to the second harmonic of the oscillator frequency and a detector to analyze the collector to base load voltages for beta measurement. Test for base to emitter short circuits by disconnecting the base from the oscillator and connecting it to a resistor while applying negative bias to the emitter. Measure the collector current I CB0 by breaking the emitter circuit and connecting the meter directly to the base.
What is the other name for programmed chip?
5 answers
A programmed chip is also known as a matrix device, as described in the research by Watson et al.. This matrix device consists of electrically conductive film tracks on an insulating substrate, with programmed laser-formed apertures defining a code or bit pattern. The technology highlighted by Wlodkowic et al. enables dynamic studies of cell death, showcasing promising applications in drug discovery, high-content drug screening, and personalized clinical diagnostics. Additionally, Shankar and Ramkarthik discuss a method involving programming multi-bit storage cells in different modes within FLASH memory chips, emphasizing the versatility of programming techniques in semiconductor devices. Moreover, Tamaki's work introduces a redundancy decoder in semiconductor memory devices, utilizing programmed flip-flops for efficient replacement of defective memory cells, showcasing the importance of precise programming in enhancing device performance.
Solid state electrolytes offer?
4 answers
Solid state electrolytes offer enhanced safety, improved cycling performance, and potential for higher energy density in energy storage systems like solid-state batteries. They address issues seen in traditional liquid electrolytes, such as safety concerns, lower energy densities, and stability problems. Solid electrolytes can be ceramic, polymer-based, or composite materials, each with unique advantages and challenges. Ceramic solid electrolytes provide high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength but face interfacial issues. Polymer electrolytes offer flexibility and compatibility with electrodes but exhibit lower ionic conductivity at room temperature. Composite solid electrolytes combining ceramics and polymers aim to overcome individual drawbacks, providing flexibility, good electrode contact, and fast ion transport. Overall, solid state electrolytes pave the way for safer, more efficient, and higher-performing energy storage solutions.
Amorphous hafnium-indium-zinc oxide semiconductor thin film transistors
4 answers
Amorphous hafnium-indium-zinc oxide (HIZO) semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs) exhibit promising electrical properties for next-generation electronic devices. The addition of hafnium (Hf) in HIZO films suppresses columnar structure growth, leading to improved stability. Co-sputtering processes allow for easy fabrication of α-HfIZO TFTs with high performance, including an on/off current ratio of ∼106 and steep subthreshold slope. HIZO TFTs with Hf doping content of 5 at. % demonstrate a threshold voltage of 3.7 V, mobility of 0.27 cm2 V-1 s-1, and an on-off current ratio of 106, showcasing superior characteristics compared to IZO TFTs. These advancements in HIZO TFT technology open doors for applications in flexible, wearable, and portable electronics, driven by high electron mobility and low threshold voltages. The channel layer thickness in HIZO TFTs significantly impacts device characteristics and stability, with thicker layers leading to more severe threshold voltage shifts.
What are the most effective design elements for creating an engaging point of purchase display?
5 answers
The most effective design elements for creating an engaging point of purchase display include incorporating printed electronic devices like wires, resistors, and sensors for interactive features. Additionally, utilizing modular components that can be easily replaced with alternate ones enhances flexibility and customization. Ensuring a seamless integration with the support structure, such as a cantilevered beam, through a sliding arrangement without obstructing access to the displayed products is crucial for maintaining engagement. Moreover, integrating interactive features like input devices and selection indicators can attract customer attention by personalizing the display based on consumer data. Lastly, using wrinkle-resistant sheet materials with informative indicia and coupling mechanisms for easy attachment to commercial products can enhance the visual appeal and functionality of the display.
What is digital mean?
5 answers
The term "digital" encompasses various meanings depending on the context. In the realm of television transmission, digital signals are utilized to identify characteristics and ensure proper reception, often employing redundancy systems to prevent misinterpretation. In information technology, "digital" refers to data encoded optically on mediums like film or paper for computer reading, enabling storage and retrieval through scanners. Additionally, the concept of "digital" extends beyond mere tools for conveying messages, as it plays a constitutive role in shaping experiences and interactions within media studies, emphasizing cognitive and communicative impacts. In electronic media technology, "digital" signifies a quality standard, particularly highlighted during the introduction of the compact disc (CD) to the market.
Current efficiency and power efficiency, which one is more important in OLED?
5 answers
In the realm of OLEDs, both current efficiency and power efficiency play crucial roles in determining the overall performance of the devices. Current efficiency, as highlighted in Context_4, is a key metric that indicates the device's ability to convert electrical current into light effectively. On the other hand, power efficiency, emphasized in Context_1 and Context_3, reflects the device's overall energy efficiency in converting electrical power into light output. While current efficiency directly relates to the device's luminous output, power efficiency provides a more comprehensive measure of the device's energy consumption. Therefore, in OLEDs, achieving a balance between current efficiency for optimal light emission and power efficiency for energy-saving purposes is essential for creating high-performance and sustainable lighting solutions.
How to control an OLED display module with arduino?
5 answers
To control an OLED display module with Arduino, one can utilize various techniques outlined in the research papers. Using Arduino along with components like OLED display, microphone, Raspberry Pi, and specific circuit modules can enable control and display functionalities. Techniques such as utilizing Arduino DUE's DAC port to control current sources for OLED, implementing OLED pixel circuits with charging and resetting control modules, and employing modulation circuits for charge removal in OLED control circuitscan enhance the control and display capabilities. By integrating these methods, one can effectively manage and showcase data on OLED displays through Arduino-based systems, offering a versatile and efficient control solution for various applications.
What causes crystallization from a-Si to c-Si?
5 answers
Crystallization from amorphous silicon (a-Si) to crystalline silicon (c-Si) can be induced by various methods. Microwave irradiation onto a-Si films with a carbon overcoat can lead to fast crystallization due to microwave absorption by the carbon overcoat, dielectric properties of heated a-Si, and enhanced atomic vibration promoting nucleation of c-Si crystallites. Temperature-induced crystallization of a-Ge films on different substrates also influences the process, with the presence of an Al layer leading to the formation of a SiGe alloy during annealing. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that crystallization at a-Si/c-Si interfaces occurs through bond rearrangements induced by low energy recoils, similar to the annealing of bond defects in the Si crystal. Additionally, utilizing 405-nm laser diodes can produce highly crystalline µc-Si films, crucial for fabricating high-performance µc-Si TFTs.
Why engineer stress strain is more widely used in applications?
5 answers
Engineer stress-strain analysis is widely used in applications due to its relevance in various fields. High tensile stress silicon oxide films are strategically placed in transistor architectures to induce strain without compromising integrity. In pipeline projects, strain-based design is crucial for challenging environments, driving research and development efforts to ensure integrity and cost-effectiveness. The Stress-Strain Concept aids in retrieving ergonomic knowledge, linking objective stress from work demands to individual strain, emphasizing the importance of humane aspects in work systems. Stress-strain analysis methodologies like finite elements and distinct elements algorithms are powerful tools for accurately analyzing stress redistribution in the ground during underground excavations. The comprehensive nature and applicability of stress-strain analysis make it a prevalent choice in engineering applications.
What is semiconductor industry?
5 answers
The semiconductor industry is a crucial component of the global economy, driving technological advancements in various sectors. It involves intricate processes, requiring advanced knowledge and skills in engineering, electronics, and automation. This industry is characterized by high technological complexity and costs, leading to its concentration in a few major companies and countries. Semiconductor technology plays a significant role in shaping the future development trends of nations, impacting areas like smart cities, the internet of things, and space exploration. The industry's growth has been substantial over the years, with semiconductor components becoming integral to modern devices like mobile phones, computers, and monitors. Understanding the semiconductor business model and investment strategies is essential for maximizing returns and career development in this dynamic and valuable sector.