Showing papers on "Benzoic acid published in 1979"
TL;DR: Xanthi-nc becomes resistant to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and produces b proteins when injected with the interferon inducer polyacrylic acid and injection of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) induces resistance and the formation of new proteins in the White Burley and Samsun NN cultivars of tobacco.
720 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a serum-bottle modification of the Hungate technique for growing anaerobes was used for methanogenic enrichments on vanillin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid and catechol.
Abstract: A range of 11 simple aromatic lignin derivatives are biodegradable to methane and carbon dioxide under strict anaerobic conditions. A serum-bottle modification of the Hungate technique for growing anaerobes was used for methanogenic enrichments on vanillin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, catechol, protocatechuic acid, phenol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and syringaldehyde. Microbial populations acclimated to a particular aromatic substrate can be simultaneously acclimated to other selected aromatic substrates. Carbon balance measurements made on vanillic and ferulic acids indicate that the aromatic ring was cleaved and that the amount of methane produced from these substrates closely agrees with calculated stoichiometric values. These data suggest that more than half of the organic carbon of these aromatic compounds potentially can be converted to methane gas and that this type of methanogenic conversion of simple aromatics may not be uncommon.
252 citations
Patent•
23 Apr 1979TL;DR: In this article, a novel polyester is provided which has been found to exhibit an optically anisotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it readily to undergo melt processing to form quality fibers, molded articles, etc.
Abstract: A novel polyester is provided which has been found to exhibit an optically anisotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it readily to undergo melt processing to form quality fibers, molded articles, etc. The polyester of the present invention contains substantial concentrations of recurring 6-oxy-2-naphthoyl and p-oxybenzoyl moieties in addition to moieties derived from at least one aromatic diol and at least one aromatic diacid in the proportions indicated. The hydrogen atoms present upon the aromatic rings of these moieties optionally may be at least partially substituted (as described). The wholly aromatic polyester is capable of forming the desired anisotropic melt at a temperature below approximately 320° C., and in a particularly preferred embodiment at a temperature below approximately 300° C.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 1,1′-Ferrocenediacetic acid anhydride and O -[1′-(carboxymethylferrocene] benzoic acid anhedride have been prepared and their reactions with amines investigated.
46 citations
TL;DR: Benzoic acid addition to citric acid glass decreased itsGlass transition temperature while phenobarbital addition increased its glass transition temperature, the latter forming a glass solution.
38 citations
Patent•
21 Jun 1979
33 citations
TL;DR: Alumina-zinc oxide catalysts of various compositions were prepared from their nitrates by coprecipitation and the acidic and basic properties were measured by titrations with n-butylamine and benzoic acid using various indicators.
33 citations
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of octanal and benzaldehyde, labeled with 11C in the carbonyl position, is reported. But the synthesis time was 50 ± 10 min for each compound.
Abstract: The synthesis of octanal and benzaldehyde, labeled with 11C in the carbonyl position, is reported. Octanal was prepared via an insertion reaction of 11CO into the boroncarbon bond of B-heptyl-9-BBN, followed by oxidative hydrolysis. Benzaldehyde was synthesized by the reaction of phenyl magnesium bromide with 11CO2, and subsequent reduction of the labeled benzoic acid to benzylalcohol which was then oxidized to the final product by CrO2Cl2. Both aldehydes were purified via GLPC, leading to radiochemical purities of > 99.5% in each case. The radiochemical yield for octanal and benzaldehyde was 30 ± 5% and 15 ± 5%, respectively. The overall synthesis time was 50 ± 10 min for each compound.
30 citations
30 citations
01 Apr 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a macroreticular resin (Amberlite XAD-8) was used to obtain equilibrium adsorption data for the uptake of benzoic acid and phenol from dilute aqueous solutions.
Abstract: Radiolabeled solutes were used to obtain equilibrium adsorption data for the uptake of benzoic acid and phenol by a macroreticular resin (Amberlite XAD-8) from dilute aqueous solutions Phenol was studied at 0, 25, and 70°C, and benzoic acid was studied at 25°C The phenol data, which covered a wide concentration range, was modeled with less than 5% error using a three parameter adsorption equation
TL;DR: The data suggest that the body has a relatively large capacity for the conjugation reactions of toluene and xylene metabolism, but the consumption of a large part of easily mobilized glycine may impair the Conjugation, and hence excretion, of poorer substrates, e.g., drugs.
Abstract: Ingestion of benzoic acid (intermediary metabolite of toluene) by one volunteer subject indicated that the maximum urinary excretion rate of hippuric acid (final metabolite of toluene) was about 190 µmol/min. An almost identical figure for the saturation kinetics of hippuric acid formation has been reported in the literature, and it has been shown to be limited by the availability of glycine for benzoic acid conjugation. The maximum excretory capacity of the kidneys for hippurate is known to be considerably larger than the observed maximum rate of benzoic acid conjugation. In addition the intravenous administration of methylhippuric acid showed that its urinary excretion is rapid, approaching an excretion rate constant of 1.3 h-1. The glycine conjugation of benzoic acid and methylbenzoic acid may well be the ratelimiting step in toluene and, respectively, xylene metabolism. During the inhalation of these solvents, uptake rate may be estimated to equal the full conjugating capacity at a toluene or xylene air concentration of about 780 ppm at rest or of about 270 ppm during moderately heavy work. These data suggest that the body has a relatively large capacity for the conjugation reactions of toluene and xylene metabolism, but the consumption of a large part of easily mobilized glycine may impair the conjugation, and hence excretion, of poorer substrates, e.g., drugs.
Patent•
14 Sep 1979
TL;DR: A composition of matter, comprising the benzoic acid esters of a mixture of C 12, C 13, C 14 and C 15 linear primary alcohols, was proposed in this paper.
Abstract: A composition of matter, comprising the benzoic acid esters of a mixture of C 12 , C 13 , C 14 and C 15 linear primary alcohols. The alcohol mixture may comprise by weight from about 13 to 31% of said C 12 alcohol, 28 to 44% of said C 13 alcohol, 17 to 40% of said C 14 alcohol, and 12 to 19% of said C 15 alcohol. The alcohol mixture preferably comprises by weight from about 23 to 31% of said C 12 alcohol, 32 to 44% of said C 13 alcohol, 17 to 23% of said C 14 alcohol, and 12 to 18% of said C 15 alcohol. Compositions in accordance with the invention are useful as diluents, solvents, plasticizers, liquid carriers, and the like.
TL;DR: In this paper, solid hydrazones obtained by the reaction of various aldehydes with phenyl and dimethylhydrazines have been found to be hypergolic with nitric acid and the observed ignition delays have been accounted for by assuming the role of nitration, neutralization and oxidation reactions occurring simultaneously in the preignition stage.
Abstract: Solid hydrazones obtained by the reaction of various aldehydes with phenyl and dimethylhydrazines have been found to be hypergolic with nitric acid. The hypergolicity appears to be related to the chemical structure of these compounds. The observed ignition delays have been accounted for by assuming the role of nitration, neutralization and oxidation reactions occurring simultaneously in the preignition stage. p-Nitrobenzoic acid and benzoic acid have been isolated as preignition reaction intermediates in the benzaldehydephenylhydrazonenitric acid system
Patent•
06 Dec 1979
TL;DR: In this article, fluid or semi-fluid compositions of matter for functional application to the human body as toiletries, cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals and the like are disclosed for functional use.
Abstract: Fluid or semi-fluid compositions of matter are disclosed for functional application to the human body as toiletries, cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals and the like. The said compositions include as a vehicle or carrier, the benzoic acid esters of a mixture of C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , and C 15 linear primary alcohols together with a functionally effective quantity of a substance carried by the said vehicle, which substance is either dissolved or emulsified with the vehicle. The alcohol mixture may comprise by weight from about 13 to 31% of said C 12 alcohol, 28 to 44% of the C 13 alcohol, 17 to 40% of the C 14 alcohol, and 12 to 19% of the C 15 alcohol. The compositions of the invention, when applied to or spread upon the skin, produce a dry, non-greasy, lubricating and satiny feel.
TL;DR: Theophylline, guaifenesin, and benzoic acid were determined by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography without interference from active and/or vehicle decomposition.
Patent•
09 Mar 1979
TL;DR: Water soluble epoxy ester copolymers adapted for sanitary can use comprise an hydroxy functional polyoxide ester of a polyepoxide having an average molecular weight of about 300 to about 1100 and a 1,2-epoxy equivalency of about 1.4 to about 2.0, esterified with an at least approximately stoichiometric proportion, based on epoxide functionality, of monocarboxylic acid selected from benzoic acid, C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted benzoIC acid, and C 6 -C 10
Abstract: Water soluble epoxy ester copolymers adapted for sanitary can use comprise an hydroxy functional epoxy ester of a polyepoxide having an average molecular weight of about 300 to about 1100 and a 1,2-epoxy equivalency of about 1.4 to about 2.0, esterified with an at least approximately stoichiometric proportion, based on epoxide functionality, of monocarboxylic acid selected from benzoic acid, C 1 -C 8 alkyl substituted benzoic acid, and C 6 -C 10 alkanoic acid, the esterification reaction being continued to provide an acid number of less than 20, this hydroxy functional epoxy ester is polyesterified with from 1.5-8%, based on the weight of the epoxy ester, of a monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid which resists homopolymerization to an acid number of less than 20, and the polyester so obtained is copolymerized with from 15% to 70% of monoethylenic monomers, based on the copolymer, these monoethylenic monomers including carboxyl functional monomer providing an acid number of from 20-100 in the copolymer. The copolymers are dispersed in water by salt formation with an amine and aminoplast or phenoplast resin is incorporated to provide curing reactivity.
TL;DR: The data obtained suggested not only the existence of a reductive step to form 2-hydroxy-6-oxononanoic acid, but also the coexistence of two different pathways in the metabolism of n-propylbenzene by the strains used.
Abstract: Pseudomonas desmolytica S449B1 and Pseudomonas convexa S107B1 grown on n-propylbenzene oxidized n-propylbenzene to beta-phenylpropionic acid and benzoic acid by initial oxidation of the n-propyl side chain and the following beta-oxidation, respectively. The same strains also oxidized n-propylbenzene to 3-n-propylcatechol by initial oxidation of positions 2 and 3 of the aromatic nucleus. A ring fission product, 2-hydroxy-6-oxononanoic acid, was also isolated from the culture broth. Together with the results of oxygen uptake experiments, the data obtained suggested not only the existence of a reductive step to form 2-hydroxy-6-oxononanoic acid, but also the coexistence of two different pathways in the metabolism of n-propylbenzene by the strains used.
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlinear regression procedure was used to obtain a set of nonlinear rate equations for three principal equilibrium reactions in a system consisting of benzoic acid, ethanediol and dibenzoate.
Abstract: Esterification-hydrolysis and condensation-glycolysis are the principal equilibria entailed in a system comprised of benzoic acid, ethanediol, ethanediol monobenzoate, ethanediol dibenzoate, and water. These equilibria are characterized by three interrelated equilibrium constants that pertain to the hydrolysis of both ethanediol monobenzoate and ethanediol dibenzoate and to the condensation of ethanediol monobenzoate. The rate constants related to these reactions and to the corresponding reverse reactions were all found to be functions of the concentration of carboxy groups. Antimony triacetate, a well-known transesterification catalyst, catalyzed the condensation reaction strongly but did not affect the esterification reaction. Based on a mechanism that entailed the considered three principal equilibrium reactions, a set of both the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters was obtained by a nonlinear regression procedure. With these parameters the nonlinear rate equations were integrated numerically, using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Excellent agreement between the values thus calculated and the experimental data were obtained in all cases except when considerable concentrations of both benzoic acid and ethanediol dibenzoate were present in the system. It has been concluded that in these instances the formation of the dibenzoate is paralleled by a pyrolysis reaction that is strongly catalyzed by carboxy groups.
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of carboxylic acids (8′ -apo-β-carotene-8′-oic acid, vitamin A acid, benzoic acid and stearic acid) and carbohydrates (galactose, lactose) using unprotected carbohydrates and azolides proceeds with a high degree of regioselectivity.
Abstract: The naturally occurring crocetin di(β-D-glucosyl)ester can be synthesised from crocetin diimidazolide or crocetin di-(1,2,4-triazolide) and β-D-glucose in pyridine in presence of a base. The application of this new method to other carboxylic acids (8′ -apo-β-carotene-8′-oic acid, vitamin A acid, benzoic acid and stearic acid) and carbohydrates (galactose, lactose) shows that this new method, using unprotected carbohydrates and azolides proceeds with a high degree of regioselectivity and stereoselectivity and is of general importance. The synthesis of the three chiral C 30 -apocarotenoids β-citraurin, β-citraurol and β-citraurinene, isolated from orange peel, was carried out with (3R)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone as starting material. Furthermore, C 30 -apocarotenoids with one methyl group shifted by one carbon atom (= diapocarotenoids) were prepared as model compounds. According to the scheme C 10 + C 20 + C 10 , starting with trans-citral via geraniol epoxide, the corresponding C 15 -epoxy Wittig salt and crocetin dialdehyde 1,2-epoxy-lycopene, 1,2,1′,2′-di-epoxy-lycopene and a 1,2-epoxy-C 30 -apocarotinal were synthesised.
TL;DR: In this article, a modified Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap technique is used to examine the absorption and emission spectra of benzaldehyde and the benzoic acid monomer and cyclic dimer.
TL;DR: The resonance Raman spectrum of 2-(4′-hydroxyphenylazo)-benzoic acid (HABA) is pH dependent; the spectral changes are related to the formation of protonated and deprotonated ionic species of the dye molecule as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, single and double hydrogen atom transfers in reactions (1) and (2) in the mass spectra of ethyl benzoate, isopropyl benazate, and isobutyl benzosate have been investigated with reference to the ortho effect.
Abstract: Single and double hydrogen atom transfers in reactions (1) and (2) in the mass spectra of ethyl benzoate, isopropyl benzoate, and isobutyl benzoate have been investigated with reference to the ortho effect: (1) [C6H5CO2R]+⋅ [C6H5CO2H]+⋅ (m/z 122) + (R-H); (2) [C6H5CO2R]+⋅ [C6H5CO2H2]+ (m/z 123) + · (R-2H). It is demonstrated that the intermediate ion [C6H5CO2H2]+ has the protonated benzoic acid structure with the hydrogen atom on the carbonyl group.
TL;DR: The ultraviolet irradiation of the π π* transition of cocaine, p-anisoyl-l-ecognine methyl ester, toluoyl l-decognine (TLE) methyl esters, benzoyl tropine and benzoy lpseudotropine in methanol using a Corex filter produces the corresponding N-demethylated products as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, a calorimetric dilution method was applied to the system benzoic acid in benzene at 25 °C, and the results were consistent with an ideal monomer-dimer-trimer model.
Abstract: A calorimetric dilution method was applied to the system benzoic acid in benzene at 25 °C. Two different calorimeters, a batch calorimeter (at Guelph) and a flow microcalorimeter (at Sherbrooke), were used in this study. Our results were inconsistent with an ideal monomerdimer model, which had been used in previous calorimetrie studies on this and other similar systems. Our results were consistent with an ideal monomer–dimer–trimer model, for which we obtained: K2 = 625 ± 100 L/mol, for the dimerization and trimerization constants respectively, and ΔH20 = −8.52 ± 0.50 kcal/mol, ΔH30 = −13.48 ± 2 kcal/mol for the molar enthalpies of dimerization and trimerization, respectively.
Patent•
20 Jul 1979
TL;DR: A hair and scalp treatment composition comprises a diazole such as imidazole and histidine or histidine derivatives, and a mono basic acid such as methionine or p-amino benzoic acid, together with a physiologically acceptable carrier as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A hair and scalp treatment composition comprises a diazole such as imidazole and histidine or histidine derivatives, and a mono basic acid such as methionine or p-amino benzoic acid, together with a physiologically acceptable carrier. Optionally, folic acid can also be included in the composition.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the liquid phase oxidation of toluene catalyzed by the cobalt ion and the bromide ion in the presence of the copper(II) ion and found that the product distribution was greatly dependent on the NaBr concentration.
Abstract: The liquid-phase oxidation of toluene catalyzed by the cobalt(II) ion and the bromide ion in the presence of the copper(II) ion has been studied. Benzyl acetate was obtained in a good yield (50–70%) with mixed catalysts of metal acetates and sodium bromide in acetic acid at 100–150 °C, accompanied by small amounts of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. The product distribution was greatly dependent on the NaBr concentration, which can be explained in terms of the high oxidizing ability of the copper(II) ion coordinated by the bromide ion. A synergistic effect was found on the yield of benzyl acetate upon the addition of copper(II) acetate with a high NaBr concentration, the maximum yield being obtained at the Co:Cu:NaBr ratio of 1:1:5–10. A change in the oxygen partial pressure also varied the product distribution, suggesting that the competitive reaction of the copper(II) ion with the oxygen molecule for the benzyl radical was simultaneously taking place at a diffusion-controlled rate. Benzyl acetate was cons...