Showing papers on "Boom published in 2021"
TL;DR: A review of historical oil spills that found only between 2 and 6% of the total oil spilled was recovered was recovered is described, which indicates mechanical recovery will always be an important tool for spill response, especially in nearshore and in-port settings.
38 citations
TL;DR: This article presents an enabling technology named shape–performance integrated digital twin (SPI-DT) and takes a boom crane as an example to illustrate how to design the SPI-DT step by step for the structural analysis of complex heavy equipment.
Abstract:
The digital twin, a concept that aims to establish a real-time mapping between physical space and virtual space, can be used for real-time analysis, reliability assessment, predictive maintenance, and design optimization of products. This article presents an enabling technology named shape–performance integrated digital twin (SPI-DT) and takes a boom crane as an example to illustrate how to design the SPI-DT step by step for the structural analysis of complex heavy equipment. The SPI-DT contains different types of models, such as an analytical model, a numerical model, and an artificial intelligence (AI) model. In addition, it leverages multisource dynamic data obtained by placing different sensors at multiple measurement positions. In the SPI-DT, the AI model plays a central role, invoking the numerical model and sensor data as the input to predict the structural performance of key components of heavy equipment, while the analytical model analyzes the structure of noncritical components with sensor data as input. This significantly improves the computational efficiency of the digital twin used for the structural analysis of complex heavy equipment, making the digital twin computationally affordable, and thus can be used for the safety assessment and damage protection of the equipment in the operation, as well as the design optimization of next-generation products. Moreover, to visually demonstrate the models and data in the SPI-DT, a three-dimensional application used to display and record the shape and performance information in real time during the operation of the boom crane is developed.
32 citations
11 Jan 2021
TL;DR: A summary and statistical analysis of the nearfield Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) submissions for the Third AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop is provided with a focus on the C608 Low Boom Flight Test Demonstrator as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A summary and statistical analysis of the nearfield Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) submissions for the Third AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop is provided with a focus on the C608 Low Boom Flight Test Demonstrator. The C608 is more complex in terms of geometry and propulsion boundary conditions than previous workshops cases and is more representative of vehicles with lower ground loudness and the potential for lower annoyance. The nearfield signatures submitted by the participants are propagated to the ground to compute statistics of loudness measures over the vehicle sonic boom carpet. Principle component analysis is used to extract the primary variation modes. Context from previous sonic boom workshops indicates that this workshop has the lowest variation even though the case is more challenging because it is quieter and more complex. The international state-of-the-art results documented in this summary indicates that nearfield CFD variation is low enough for meaningful low-boom design and can contribute toward the discussion of replacing the prohibition of overland supersonic flight with a certification standard.
24 citations
TL;DR: This article found that Latin America's recent improvement in income distribution coincided with commodity booms, and that the positive relationship between income inequality and commodity growth was not supported by past experience and economic theory.
Abstract: Past experience and economic theory lead us to expect a positive relationship between income inequality and commodity booms. Yet Latin America’s recent improvement in income distribution coincided ...
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development of real housing prices as a "hockey stick", i.e. a long stagnation followed by a sharp upturn in recent decades.
Abstract: Earlier research describes the development of real housing prices as a ‘hockey stick’, i.e. of long stagnation followed by a sharp upturn in recent decades. A problem is that there are very few ind...
18 citations
TL;DR: The authors studied how macroeconomic conditions when young shape workers' job preferences for the rest of their life, using variation in income-per-capita across US regions and over time since the 1920s.
Abstract: Preferences for monetary and non-monetary job attributes are important for understanding workers' motivation and the organization of work. Little is known, however, about how those job preferences are formed. We study how macroeconomic conditions when young shape workers' job preferences for the rest of their life. Using variation in income-per-capita across US regions and over time since the 1920s, we find that job preferences vary in systematic ways with experienced macroeconomic conditions during young adulthood. Recessions create cohorts of workers who give higher priority to income, whereas booms make cohorts care more about job meaning, for the rest of their life.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used new household survey data to study expectation formation during the recent housing boom in Germany and found that the average household in a region responds to local conditions but underpredicts local price growth.
Abstract: This paper uses new household survey data to study expectation formation during the recent housing boom in Germany. The cross section of forecasts depends on only two household characteristics: location and tenure. The average household in a region responds to local conditions but underpredicts local price growth. Renters make on average higher and hence more accurate forecasts than owners, although their forecasts are more dispersed and their mean squared forecast errors are higher. A quantitative model of learning about housing cost can match these facts. It emphasizes the unique information structure of housing among asset markets: renters who do not own the asset are relatively well informed about its cash flow, since they pay for housing services that owners simply consume. Renters then make more accurate forecasts in a boom driven by an increase in rents and recovery from a financial crisis.
13 citations
TL;DR: The authors developed a heterodox approach from a crucial perspective to China's post-2016 nationwide property boom, drawing on Harvey's capital switching thesis, and traced the roots of this suburban...
Abstract: Drawing on Harvey’s capital switching thesis, this study develops a heterodox approach from a crucial perspective to China’s post-2016 nationwide property boom. We trace the roots of this suburban ...
13 citations
TL;DR: The authors suggests that low general inflation and a slowdown in broad money growth in the 1920s masked the extent of the credit boom and a deterioration in the banking system's balance sheet, and points to macro-and micro-prudential tools as potentially more successful alternative measures to keep credit under control.
Abstract: The US Great Depression was preceded by almost a decade of credit growth. This review paper suggests that low general inflation and a slowdown in broad money growth in the 1920s masked the extent of the credit boom and a deterioration in the banking system’s balance sheet. Credit from commercial banks grew tremendously, and credit from savings institutions grew even more. While there was no general inflation, the credit boom was reflected in asset price inflations which occurred in certain parts of the economy, such as the real estate and stock markets. Broad money growth slowed in part because of a fall in the liquidity of commercial banks. And as the literature tends to show, the growth of credit and the fall in liquidity made financial institutions as well as households vulnerable to shocks. While monetary authorities managed to keep inflation in check, standard monetary policy tightening was ineffective in quelling the credit boom, and at times counter-productive. This points to macro- and micro-prudential tools as potentially more successful alternative measures to keep credit under control.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors document major changes in museum supply in China between 1996 and 2015, which has seen the opening of many small, low budget and locally managed museums; an increase in the average size a...
Abstract: We document major changes in museum supply in China between 1996 and 2015. These years have seen the opening of many small, low budget and locally managed museums; an increase in the average size a...
12 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that extrapolative expectations drive boom-bust cycles in the postwar art market, and that price run-ups coincide with increases in demand fundamentals but are followed by predictable busts.
Abstract: We argue that extrapolative expectations drive boom–bust cycles in the postwar art market. Price run-ups coincide with increases in demand fundamentals but are followed by predictable busts. Predic...
TL;DR: In this article, a large input cost shock resulting from the fracking boom is exploited to isolate price responses to firm-specific, regional and industry-wide input cost shocks in the US oil refining industry.
Abstract: In imperfectly competitive settings, a firm's price depends on its own costs as well as those of its competitors. We demonstrate that this has important implications for the estimation and interpretation of pass-through. Leveraging a large input cost shock resulting from the fracking boom, we isolate price responses to firm-specific, regional and industry-wide input cost shocks in the US oil refining industry. The pass-through of these components vary from near zero to full pass-through, reconciling seemingly disparate results from the literature. We illustrate the policy implications of rival cost pass-through in the context of a tax on refinery carbon emissions.
TL;DR: The authors showed that credit booms that are accompanied by house price booms and a rising loan-to-deposit ratio are much more likely to end in a systemic banking crisis than other creditbooms.
Abstract: In this paper, we show that policymakers can distinguish between good and bad credit booms with high accuracy and they can do so in real time. Evidence from 17 countries over nearly 150 years of modern financial history shows that credit booms that are accompanied by house price booms and a rising loan‐to‐deposit ratio are much more likely to end in a systemic banking crisis than other credit booms. We evaluate the predictive accuracy for different classification models and show that characteristics observed in real time contain valuable information for sorting the data into good and bad booms.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study how natural resource rents affect the selection and behavior of holders of public office in India and find that local mineral rent shocks cause the election of politicians charged with serious crimes.
Abstract:
We study how natural resource rents affect the selection and behavior of holders of public office. Using global price shocks to thirty-one minerals and nationwide geological and political data from India, we show that local mineral rent shocks cause the election of politicians charged with serious crimes. We also find a moral hazard effect: politicians commit more crimes and accumulate greater wealth when mineral prices rise during their terms in office. These politicians have direct influence over mining operations but no access to fiscal windfalls from mining; we thus isolate the direct political impacts of mining sector operations.
TL;DR: A natural experiment afforded by the fracking boom in Pennsylvania is exploited to shed light on the determinants of mortgage default, looking only at mortgages originated before fracking.
Abstract: This paper exploits a natural experiment afforded by the fracking boom in Pennsylvania to shed light on the determinants of mortgage default. Looking only at mortgages originated before fracking be...
TL;DR: In the major cities in Australia, there has been a remarkable increase in population that has yielded a significant boom in the building construction sector despite the rigorous proces of building construction as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Across the major cities in Australia, there has been a remarkable increase in population that has yielded a significant boom in the building construction sector. Despite the rigorous proces...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the relationship between inbound tourism and housing market along with the recent boom in Icelandic real estate sector, in which both house and rental prices have b...
Abstract: This article aims to investigate the relationship between inbound tourism and housing market along with the recent boom in Icelandic real estate sector, in which both house and rental prices have b...
TL;DR: The authors showed that Fed tightening induced a large reduction in banks' deposit funding, which led banks to contract portfolio mortgage lending by 32%. However, this contraction was largely offset by substitution to privately-securitized (PLS) mortgages, led by nonbank originators.
TL;DR: A summary and statistical analysis of the near field computational fluid dynamics (CFD) submissions for the Third AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop is provided with a focus on the C608 Low Boom F... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A summary and statistical analysis of the near-field computational fluid dynamics (CFD) submissions for the Third AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop is provided with a focus on the C608 Low Boom F...
TL;DR: This paper provided the first estimates of the long-run income effects of temporary resource booms on people, rather than places, focusing on the US oil boom and bust of the 1980s using household-level longitudinal data.
Abstract: We provide the first estimates of the long-run income effects of temporary resource booms on people, rather than places, focusing on the US oil boom and bust of the 1980s Using household-level longitudinal data, we find positive effects during the boom period and negative effects during the bust period The cumulative effect through 2012 was arguably negative when restricting the sample to prime working years (<55) and unambiguously positive otherwise because the boom delayed retirement The evidence suggests the boom was ultimately a curse for the average household It failed to generate net income gains during prime age and its volatility caused costly income-smoothing later in life
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the impact of the oil and gas industry on county-level employment and wage earnings across not only the boom, but also the bust cycle for the U.S. economy.
TL;DR: Three novel deployment mechanism design concepts are developed; two passive mechanisms using rotational damping to retard the boom deployment and one active concept takes advantage of the forces produced by the spinning nature of the satellite to develop a compact deployment mechanism.
TL;DR: It is shown that the reliability-based design optimization method can not only satisfy the reliability constraints of the lattice boom, but also ensure the safety and economy of crawler crane boom as well as minimize the structure weight.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors found that migrants decide to move out of destination cities experiencing housing booms, even after controlling for various factors and addressing potential endogeneity issues that may affect households' migration decisions.
Abstract: With novel microdata from a household survey of China, we find that migrants decide to move out of destination cities experiencing housing booms, even after controlling for various factors and address potential endogeneity issues that may affect households’ migration decisions. Moreover, we present new evidence that housing booms have no effect on the decisions of homeowners but affect renters through a negative income effect. Next, we use big data on population flows from Tencent to confirm the effects of housing booms on households’ actual out-migration. The results suggest that an affordable home is a primary factor in attracting migrant households and maintaining a healthy economy.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper studied how the housing boom in China was transmitted via spillovers from one local market to another between 2003 and 2012, an episode during which housing prices increased rapidly.
Abstract: The rapid pace of change in China’s housing market has called particular attention. This paper studies how the housing boom in China was transmitted via spillovers from one local market to another between 2003 and 2012, an episode during which housing prices increased rapidly. We identify the beginning of housing booms of a focal market as the quarters in which each city experienced a positive and statistically significant structural break in its house price growth series, and find that housing booms start first in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta region. Further, regression results show that there exist spatial spillover effects both on the extensive margin and intensive margin from the neighboring markets in China, and that the focal city housing market significantly responds to the housing booms in the two economic regions. Controlling market fundamentals does not vary the spillover patterns identified. We conclude that there is a distinctive dynamic spillover process in China that the metropolitan economic regions experience booms first, and then, the booms are transmitted to the geographically adjacent cities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a methodology to evaluate whether the Chilean copper boom induced the Dutch Disease symptoms in its economy through Granger-causality, cointegration, and impulse-response function over a vast set of socioeconomic variables.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the cultural phenomenon of large successes and the actions that lead to them, to be more salient to onlookers than small successes or failures, using a model based on two premises.
Abstract: Biased information about the payoffs received by others can drive innovation, risk taking, and investment booms. We study this cultural phenomenon using a model based on two premises. The first is a tendency for large successes, and the actions that lead to them, to be more salient to onlookers than small successes or failures. The second premise is selection neglect-the failure of observers to adjust for biased observation. In our model, each firm in sequence chooses to adopt or to reject a project that has two possible payoffs, one positive and one negative. The probability of success is higher in the high state of the world than in the low state. Each firm observes the payoffs received by past adopters before making its decision, but there is a chance that an adopter's outcome will be censored, especially if the payoff was negative. Failure to account for biased censorship causes firms to become overly optimistic, leading to irrational booms in adoption. Booms may eventually collapse, or may last forever. We describe these effects as a form of cultural evolution, with adoption or rejection viewed as traits transmitted between firms. Evolution here is driven not only by differential copying of successful traits, but also by cognitive reasoning about which traits are more likely to succeed-quantified using the Price Equation to decompose the effects of mutation pressure and evolutionary selection. This account provides an explanation for investment booms, merger and initial public offering waves, and waves of technological innovation.
11 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the dimensional stability of deployable solar sails made from thin-ply composites is evaluated using large deformation bending tests, and the complete fold-stow-unfold-recover cycle of thin-laminate candidates for the rollable booms is characterized.
Abstract: Thin-ply carbon fiber reinforced polymer materials offer the opportunity to create long thin-shell booms with high strength to weight ratios. These booms can be rolled up and stowed in small volumes to be later deployed. These features make them ideal for use in gossamer solar sails as well as other deployable space structures. It has been observed that stowing the booms in rolled-up configurations can cause time-dependent deformations. A comprehensive understanding of the detrimental effects of stowing the coiled booms is necessary to implement these structures in spaceflight missions. During stowage inside the spacecraft, the boom is subjected to a constant deformation/strain that causes it to relax over time, measurable by a decrease in stress. Using large deformation bending tests, the complete fold-stow-unfold-recover cycle of thin-laminate candidates for the rollable booms is characterized. Further bending and stowage testing is done at the boom level. The results from this test campaign will be used to evaluate the dimensional stability of deployable booms made from thin-ply composites that exhibit visco-elasto-plastic behavior and calibrate and validate numerical finite element models that include visco-elasto-plastic material models.