Showing papers on "Conceptual design published in 2006"
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The structure of the paper is structured in four parts: conceptual framework, environments, applications, and findings and challenges, which discuss and explore the following essential components of meta-design, providing requirements, guidelines, and models for the future of end-user development.
Abstract: In a world that is not predictable, improvisation, evolution, and innovation are more than a luxury: they are a necessity. The challenge of design is not a matter of getting rid of the emergent, but rather of including it and making it an opportunity for more creative and more adequate solutions to problems. Meta-design is an emerging conceptual framework aimed at defining and creating social and technical infrastructures in which new forms of collaborative design can take place. It extends the traditional notion of system design beyond the original development of a system to include a coadaptive process between users and a system, in which the users become co-developers or codesigners. It is grounded in the basic assumption that future uses and problems cannot be completely anticipated at design time, when a system is developed. Users, at use time, will discover mismatches between their needs and the support that an existing system can provide for them. These mismatches will lead to breakdowns that serve as potential sources of new insights, new knowledge, and new understanding. This paper is structured in four parts: conceptual framework, environments, applications, and findings and challenges. Along the structure of the paper, we discuss and explore the following essential components of meta-design, providing requirements, guidelines, and models for the future of end-user development: (1) the relationship of meta-design to other design methodologies; (2) the Seeding, Evolutionary Growth, Reseeding (SER) Model, a process model for large evolving design artifacts; (3) the characteristics of unselfconscious cultures of design, their strengths and their weaknesses, and the necessity for owners of problems to be empowered to engage in end-user development; (4) the possibilities created by meta-design to bring co-creation alive; and (5) the need for an integrated design space that brings together a technical infrastructure that is evolvable, for the design of learning environments and work organizations that allow endusers to become active contributors, and for the design of relational settings in which users can relate, find motivations and rewards, and accumulate social capital.
390 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a DDF method (Digital Design Fabrication) is introduced, a two-stage process of working that integrates generative computing and RP into one process that demonstrates a process of design situated between conceptual design and real-world construction.
163 citations
TL;DR: A framework to study mental iteration in different design situations is proposed and a cognitive activity model of conceptual design is developed to identify and capture various loops of cognitive activities.
155 citations
01 Dec 2006
TL;DR: This paper presents a UML-based data warehouse design method that spans the three design phases (conceptual, logical and physical), and represents all the metamodels using UML, and illustrates the formal specification of the transformations based on OMG's Object Constraint Language (OCL).
Abstract: Data warehouses are a major component of data-driven decision support systems (DSS). They rely on multidimensional models. The latter provide decision makers with a business-oriented view to data, thereby easing data navigation and analysis via On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools. They also determine how the data are stored in the data warehouse for subsequent use, not only by OLAP tools, but also by other decision support tools. Data warehouse design is a complex task, which requires a systematic method. Few such methods have been proposed to date. This paper presents a UML-based data warehouse design method that spans the three design phases (conceptual, logical and physical). Our method comprises a set of metamodels used at each phase, as well as a set of transformations that can be semi-automated. Following our object orientation, we represent all the metamodels using UML, and illustrate the formal specification of the transformations based on OMG's Object Constraint Language (OCL). Throughout the paper, we illustrate the application of our method to a case study.
149 citations
TL;DR: A more innovative product eco-design methodology based on the current LCP framework is developed and for supporting innovation at the product level, idea generation using TRIZ, design uncertainty evaluation, and an eco-efficiency indicator of a product are proposed.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual design of the FDS-I is presented, which consists of the fusion neutron driver with relatively easy-achieved plasma parameters, and the He-gas/liquid lithium-lead Dual-cooled subcritical Waste Transmutation (DWT) blanket used to transmute long-lived radioactive wastes and to generate energy on the basis of self-sustainable fission and fusion fuel cycle.
129 citations
TL;DR: Differences between the two groups in terms of their use of formal and symbolic references are shown and what this might tell us about how designers think while sketching is explored.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an axiomatic modeling of lean production system design, using process variables (PVs) is presented, based on the axiomatization of the design process.
Abstract: In this paper, we present an axiomatic modeling of lean production system design, using process variables (PVs). So far, we had developed a model for conceptual design of lean production systems by means of FR–DP relationships, the key characteristics of axiomatic design (AD) methodology, appeared in the proceedings of Second International Conference of Axiomatic Design. Albeit the model in question was thorough enough to be applied in various cases, its embedded abstract principles hamper straightforward applications and the required resources, tools, and techniques are not clarified. In AD terms, it lacks PVs created by mapping the design parameters (DPs) to the process domain to clarify the means that produce the specified DPs. Owing to the difficulties involved in the definition of PVs for manufacturing systems, there is few works in this area. This paper is an attempt to introduce PVs in production system design. When we are developing a product (i.e. a part), we can simply interpret the set of PVs as the process design. In the case of a production system we interpret PVs as the tools, methods, and resources, required for implementing a lean production system. In this paper, according to AD methodology, we have developed a hierarchical structure to model the design process of a lean production system, composed of FRs, DPs, and PVs. Serving as an efficient guideline for the design process and clarifying the required tools, methods, and resources, this structure is general enough to be applied for different cases.
109 citations
TL;DR: The paper will review the current state of art in SE approach to aircraft design and identify some of the major challenges, theCurrent state of the art and visions for the future.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a design approach for performance-based design, which is based on the concept of performance targets up front in the conceptual design process, so that subsequent performance assessment becomes more of a verification process of an efficient design rather than a design improvement process that may require radical changes of the initial design concept.
Abstract: Performance assessment implies that the structural, non-structural, and content systems are given and that decision variables, DVs, (e.g. expected annual loss, mean annual frequency of collapse) are computed and compared to specified performance targets. Performance-based design (PBD) is different by virtue of the fact that the building and its components and systems first have to be created. Good designs are based on concepts that incorporate performance targets up front in the conceptual design process, so that subsequent performance assessment becomes more of a verification process of an efficient design rather than a design improvement process that may require radical changes of the initial design concept. In short, the design approach could consist of (a) specifying performance targets (e.g. tolerable probability of collapse, acceptable dollar losses) and associated seismic hazards, and (b) deriving engineering parameters for system selection, or perhaps better, using the relatively simple design decision support tools discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
95 citations
TL;DR: How VR technologies can proffer more natural and intuitive interaction between the designer and the CAD system thus enabling a rapid and more straightforward approach to concept design creation and evaluation is focused on.
Book•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: From Conceptual Modeling to Requirements Engineering, and Towards a Holistic Conceptual Modelling-Based Software Development Process.
Abstract: Keynote Papers.- Suggested Research Directions for a New Frontier - Active Conceptual Modeling.- From Conceptual Modeling to Requirements Engineering.- Web Services.- A Context Model for Semantic Mediation in Web Services Composition.- Modeling Service Compatibility with Pi-calculus for Choreography.- The DeltaGrid Abstract Execution Model: Service Composition and Process Interference Handling.- Quality in Conceptual Modeling.- Evaluating Quality of Conceptual Models Based on User Perceptions.- Representation Theory Versus Workflow Patterns - The Case of BPMN.- Use Case Modeling and Refinement: A Quality-Based Approach.- Aspects of Conceptual Modeling.- Ontology with Likeliness and Typicality of Objects in Concepts.- In Defense of a Trope-Based Ontology for Conceptual Modeling: An Example with the Foundations of Attributes, Weak Entities and Datatypes.- Explicitly Representing Superimposed Information in a Conceptual Model.- Modeling Advanced Applications.- Preference Functional Dependencies for Managing Choices.- Modeling Visibility in Hierarchical Systems.- A Model for Anticipatory Event Detection.- XML.- A Framework for Integrating XML Transformations.- Oxone: A Scalable Solution for Detecting Superior Quality Deltas on Ordered Large XML Documents.- Schema-Mediated Exchange of Temporal XML Data.- A Quantitative Summary of XML Structures.- Semantic Web.- Database to Semantic Web Mapping Using RDF Query Languages.- Representing Transitive Propagation in OWL.- On Generating Content and Structural Annotated Websites Using Conceptual Modeling.- Requirements Modeling.- A More Expressive Softgoal Conceptualization for Quality Requirements Analysis.- Conceptualizing the Co-evolution of Organizations and Information Systems: An Agent-Oriented Perspective.- Towards a Theory of Genericity Based on Government and Binding.- Aspects of Interoperability.- Concept Modeling by the Masses: Folksonomy Structure and Interoperability.- Method Chunks for Interoperability.- Domain Analysis for Supporting Commercial Off-the-Shelf Components Selection.- Metadata Management.- A Formal Framework for Reasoning on Metadata Based on CWM.- A Set of QVT Relations to Assure the Correctness of Data Warehouses by Using Multidimensional Normal Forms.- Design and Use of ER Repositories: Methodologies and Experiences in eGovernment Initiatives.- Human-Computer Interaction.- Notes for the Conceptual Design of Interfaces.- The User Interface Is the Conceptual Model.- Towards a Holistic Conceptual Modelling-Based Software Development Process.- Business Modeling.- A Multi-perspective Framework for Organizational Patterns.- Deriving Concepts for Modeling Business Actions.- Towards a Reference Ontology for Business Models.- Reasoning.- Reasoning on UML Class Diagrams with OCL Constraints.- On the Use of Association Redefinition in UML Class Diagrams.- Optimising Abstract Object-Oriented Database Schemas.- Panels.- Experimental Research on Conceptual Modeling: What Should We Be Doing and Why?.- Eliciting Data Semantics Via Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches: Challenges and Opportunities.- Industrial Track.- The ADO.NET Entity Framework: Making the Conceptual Level Real.- XMeta Repository and Services.- IBM Industry Models: Experience, Management and Challenges.- Community Semantics for Ultra-Scale Information Management.- Managing Data in High Throughput Laboratories: An Experience Report from Proteomics.- Policy Models for Data Sharing.- Demos and Posters.- Protocol Analysis for Exploring the Role of Application Domain in Conceptual Schema Understanding.- Auto-completion of Underspecified SQL Queries.- iQL: A Query Language for the Instance-Based Data Model.- Designing Under the Influence of Speech Acts: A Strategy for Composing Enterprise Integration Solutions.- Geometry of Concepts.
TL;DR: The goal of the framework is to determine a design configuration that maximizes corporate utility while setting attribute and budget constraints for the conceptual design phase.
Abstract: In this paper a decision support framework is presented for the design of flexible engineering systems. The framework draws on concepts from multi-objective optimization, consumer choice theory, and utility theory. The framework supports the necessary decisions in the design of flexible engineering systems or systems that can change their functionality and embodiment to satisfy multiple performance requirements. The goal of the framework is to determine a design configuration that maximizes corporate utility while setting attribute and budget constraints for the conceptual design phase. The details of the framework are covered and then applied to a simple case study.
TL;DR: A web-based knowledge-intensive distributed module modeling and evaluation framework (KS-DMME) is developed that intends to link distributed, heterogeneous knowledge-based design models and tools and assist designers in evaluating design alternatives, visualizing trade-offs, finding optimal solutions, and making decisions on the web.
TL;DR: The design system presented in this study enables a designer to predict the likely image tendencies of a designed product without the need to create and test a prototype model, and he or she can make any design parameter modifications necessary to ensure that the finished product meets its specified image goals.
Abstract: The parameter-based technique provides an efficient and valid means of constructing 3-D geometric models in many CAD software systems. However, its use is generally restricted to the design of mechanical components with regular configurations, and it is not ideally suited to product form and color design. This paper proposes a rapid conceptual design approach, which creates color-rendered forms and combines parameter-based features with fuzzy neural network theorems and gray theory to predict their image evaluation. Two evaluation models (Evaluation Model I and Evaluation Model II) are developed and applied in a case study of an electronic door lock design. Model I uses a fuzzy neural network to predict the overall image, while Model II uses a gray clustering operation for the color image evaluation and two fuzzy neural networks for the form image evaluation and the overall image evaluation. The results show that the image prediction capability of Model II is superior to that of Model I (RMSE: 0.062 versus 0.105). Furthermore, the overall image evaluation is dominated by the door lock's color rather than by its form (RMSE: 0.071 versus 0.162). The dominance of color in determining the image evaluation may be due to the specified image words, form evolution restrictions, or the membership grade ranges of the test color samples and the test form samples, etc. Having established the superiority of Model II, it is applied to develop a consultative design interface integrated with a professional CAD system in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed product design and image evaluation approach. The design system presented in this study enables a designer to predict the likely image tendencies of a designed product without the need to create and test a prototype model. Hence, he or she can make any design parameter modifications necessary to ensure that the finished product meets its specified image goals.
TL;DR: An integrated computational intelligence approach is proposed for dealing with product concept generation and evaluation and the applicability of the proposed method is illustrated with an engineering example.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the results of a survey and qualitative analysis on the teaching of "basic design" in schools of design and architecture located in 22 countries, and identify and illustrate interesting aspects concerning the programmes and organisation of courses delivered by teachers of "Basic Design".
Abstract: This paper reports on the results of a survey and qualitative analysis on the teaching of ‘Basic Design’ in schools of design and architecture located in 22 countries. In the context of this research work, Basic Design means the teaching and learning of design fundamentals that may also be commonly referred to as the Principles of Two- and Three-dimensional Design. The body of knowledge associated with Basic Design may be regarded as part of the general theory of teaching and learning design as practiced in many design schools and which has its origins in the classical design schools such as the Bauhaus. In the author’s perception and practice, the pedagogy of Basic Design promotes a holistic, creative and experimental methodology that develops the learning style and cognitive abilities of students with respect to the fundamental principles of design. This includes an understanding of the elements of shape, colour, texture, light, and rhythm in a manner complementary but usually unrelated to the common design methods teaching approach. As is well known among design practitioners, including architects and industrial designers, a deep understanding of the purpose of these fundamental design elements and principles is still relevant to contemporary design practice. The main objective of the research described in this paper was to determine the status and development of Basic Design pedagogy in a significant number of contemporary design schools. On the basis of the results of two surveys conducted in 2001–2002, this paper will identify and illustrate interesting aspects concerning the programmes and organisation of courses delivered by teachers of ‘Basic Design’. This work will also survey the viewpoints of Basic Design teachers in elementary years of design courses and of those teaching design through projects during the subsequent years of the same courses. Interestingly, the design project teachers surveyed in this research expressed a desire to be more involved in the teaching of Basic Design fundamentals which indicates strongly that Basic Design principles are still relevant in contemporary design education terms as they have ever been and that more research is needed in order to better understand and apply the related pedagogy.
TL;DR: Results indicate that greater client satisfaction is achieved through: greater problem definition (PD) activity and idea generation at conceptual design levels, and PD and engineering analysis activities at the system design level.
Abstract: This work seeks to better understand how design processes affect design outcomes. Design process data were collected from journals kept as a part of mechanical engineering capstone design projects at Montana State University. Student processes were characterized by time coding journal entries using a 3 × 4 matrix of process variables. The data were modeled using a principal components artificial neural network, and the model used in a virtual designed experiment to obtain estimates for design process factors that significantly affect client satisfaction. Results indicate that greater client satisfaction is achieved through: greater problem definition (PD) activity and idea generation at conceptual design levels, and PD and engineering analysis activities at the system design level. Whereas, design activity at the detailed level associates with lower client satisfaction. These results support some aspects of existing models of “good” design process, and suggest adaptations of the models for novice designers.
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The concept design team processes of product concepting User Information in Concepting Strategic concepts in the Automotive Industry - Volvo Case Study Concepts in Uncertain Business Environments Vision Concepts as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Introduction to Concept Design The Concept Design Team Processes of Product Concepting User Information in Concepting Strategic Concepts in the Automotive Industry - Volvo Case Study Concepts in Uncertain Business Environments Vision Concepts
TL;DR: This paper presents a domain-independent descriptive design model that is developed by studying similarities and differences between design processes in three design disciplines and which is based on the general theory of state-transition systems.
Abstract: Domain-independent models of the design process are an important means for facilitating interdisciplinary communication and for supporting multidisciplinary design. Many so-called domain-independent models are, however, not really domain independent. We state that to be domain independent, the models must abstract from domain-specific aspects, be based on the study of several design disciplines, and be useful for many design disciplines and for multidisciplinary design teams. This paper presents a domain-independent descriptive design model that is developed by studying similarities and differences between design processes in three design disciplines and which is based on the general theory of state-transition systems. The main concepts of the descriptive model are a design situation and a design activity. The descriptive model is applied in a domain-independent prescriptive model that supports designers with structured reflection on a design process; reflection provides an important possibility in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of design processes.
TL;DR: The development of a web-based platform for collaborative process and product design evaluation that provides real-time collaboration of multiple users at different sites on the same project and the use of virtual reality (VR) technology for the development of the working display environment.
Abstract: This paper describes the development of a web-based platform for collaborative process and product design evaluation. The distributed collaborative design evaluation (DiCoDEv) platform provides real-time collaboration of multiple users at different sites on the same project. The innovation concept of this platform lies in the use of virtual reality (VR) technology for the development of the working display environment that provides also navigation, immersion and interaction capabilities for all collaborative users in real time. The scope of this work is to provide an efficient robust collaboration tool for the real-time validation of a manufacturing product or process, from the early stages of the conceptual design until the latest stages of the production chain. In order to demonstrate the benefits of the virtual collaboration that DiCoDEv platform can provide for manufacturing, a pilot case with a VR environment has been developed based on the requirements of a ‘real life’ manufacturing company.
TL;DR: In this article, a preliminary study of impact of mental iteration on performance of designers in conceptual design is presented, where mental iteration is modeled as various iterative loops of cognitive activities.
Abstract: Mental iteration in conceptual design involves repetition of cognitive activities when designers perceive discrepancies of the desired state and current state of design. Although it is believed that mental iteration has significant impact on design process and design results, little proof has been developed and our current understanding of mental iteration is still limited. This paper presents a preliminary study of impact of mental iteration on performance of designers in conceptual design. Mental iteration is modeled as various iterative loops of cognitive activities. An experiment was carried out to study the mental iteration behavior in conceptual design. The analysis of correlation was performed to identify significant associations between design metrics and the number and frequency of different types of iterations. The results provide evidence that mental iteration has not only positive but also negative impact on design performance and different types of iteration yield different impacts.
TL;DR: An integrated control-configured aircraft design sizing framework is presented that makes use of multidisciplinary design optimization to overcome the challenges which the flight dynamics and control integration present when included with the traditional disciplines in an aircraft sizing process.
Abstract: The emerging flight-by-wire and flight-by-light technologies increase the possibility of enabling and improving aircraft design with excellent handling qualities and performance across the flight envelope. As a result, it is desired to take into account the dynamic characteristics and automatic control capabilities at the early conceptual stage. In this paper, an integrated control-configured aircraft design sizing framework is presented. It makes use of multidisciplinary design optimization to overcome the challenges which the flight dynamics and control integration present when included with the traditional disciplines in an aircraft sizing process. A commercial aircraft design example demonstrates the capability of the proposed methodology. The approach brings higher freedom in design, leading to aircraft that exploit the benefits of control configuration. It also helps to reduce time and cost in the engineering development cycle.
TL;DR: A design reuse framework with a function-based design synthesis approach is proposed in the context of conceptual product development and has achieved intelligent design reuse in product conceptual design with significant rapidity and solution variety.
Abstract: In this paper, a design reuse framework with a function-based design synthesis approach is proposed in the context of conceptual product development. Previous researches in design reuse have lacked a comprehensive functional base for knowledge representation and reasoning. The method presented in this paper uses a function-based product information model and a multiple objective optimization model to achieve design reuse. The information model is dependent on a functional core which is the key element vector. It is capable of modeling product information with sufficient abstraction, which in turn facilitates intelligent construction of product platforms. The multiple objective optimization method carries out automated design synthesis and evaluation subject to various design constraints. The approach has been applied in the design of the fan filter unit, a key clean room device. It has achieved intelligent design reuse in product conceptual design with significant rapidity and solution variety.
Book•
16 Jan 2006
TL;DR: A Normalized Product Structure Model For Manufacturing: Definition and implementation of the TMC concept, adaptation to the new technologies of material cutting L.S. Jawahir.
Abstract: Preface. Acknowledgements. AIP-PRIMECA Introduction. 1: Optimization of Product Design Process. The Novel Use Of A Capability Maturity Model To Evaluate The Mechanical Design Process I. Egan, J. Ritchie, P.D. Gardiner. Computer Support For Insightful Engineering Design Based On Generic And Rigorous Principles Of Symbolic Algebra H. Sawada, X-T. Yan. Modelling Product Representations Used In Automobile Body Design C.A. McMahon, P. Kugathasan. Sequencing For Process Planning By Genetic Algorithm P. Depince, N. Lancon, J. Vancza. A Tool For Verifying The Local Quality Of A 3d F.E. Analysis In Design E. Florentin, L. Gallimard, J-P. Pelle. Design Of Wire Harnesses For Mass Customization B. Agard, M. Tollenaere. A Unified Jacobian-Torsor Model For Analysis In Computer Aided Tolerancing W. Ghie, L. Laperriere, A. Desrochers. A Proposal Of Structure For A Variational Modeler Based On Functional Specifications D. Lesage, J-C. Leon, P. Sebah, A. Riviere. Inertial Tolerancing in the Case of Assembled Products M. Pillet. An Interactive Decision Support System For Unidirectional Tolerancing C. Forster, J-P. Boufflet, S. Hadji, S. Bouabdallah. Improvement Of The Simulation Tools Dedicated To Composite Structures Subjected To Crash Loads P. Rozycki, D. Coutellier. On the Kinematic Calibration Of A Stewart Platform F. Dudita, M. Neagoe, G. Gogu. The Isoconditioning Loci Of Planar Three-Dof Parallel Manipulators S. Caro, D. Chablat, P. Wenger, J. Angeles. Development Of An Optimised Automotive Axle L. Heuze, P. Ray, G. Gogu, L. Serra, F. Andre. Self-Loosening Model For Bolted Assemblies Under Transverse Stresses H. Aziz, B. Combes, R. Lavabre. CrashworthinessOptimization Using A Surrogate Approach By Stochastic Response Surface B. Soulier, L. Richard, B. Hazet, V. Braibant. Multidisciplinary Optimization Of Composite Laminates With Resin Transfer Molding C.H. Park, W.S. Han, A. Vautrin, W.I. Lee. 2: Optimization Of Manufacturing Systems. Proactive Support For Conceptual Design Synthesis Of Sheet Metal Components F. Rehman, X-T. Yan. Fuzzy Volumes : Principles And Application In The NC Machining B. Khaled, A. Aoussat. A Normalized Product Structure Model For Manufacturing: Definition and implementation of the TMC concept, adaptation to the new technologies of material cutting L. Deshayes, J.-F. Rigal, P. Ghodous, R. Gervais. Part Orientation In Layer-Based Machining Y.H. Chen, Z.Y. Yang, W.S. Sze. Contribution To The Generation Of Tool Paths In a CAM System A. Larue, B. Anselmetti. A Tool-Wear Investigation In Hard Turning Of Various Work Materials With CBN Tools G. Poulachon, P. Jacquet, S. Pheulpin, E. Seguin, I.S. Jawahir. Advanced Numerical Simulation Of The Crimping Process Of Electric Connectors M. Abbas, J-L. Batoz, T. Courtin, G. Dhatt. Surface Integrity In Hard Turning J. Rech, C. Lescalier. Technological Parameter Calculation And Stretch Forming Process Control Of 3d Profile Parts S. Oding, N. Stourov. Application Of The Stability Lobes Theory To Milling Of Thin Workpieces: Experimental approach L. Arnaud, G. Dessein. Energy Assessment And Cutting Tool Behavior In Machining R. Laheurte, P. Darnis, O. Cahuc. A Study And Analysis Of Machine Tool Errors With Static And Dynamic Measurements M. Rahman, J. Heikkala, K. Lappalainen. Evaluation of Machine Geometry: Presentation of an innovative method with a Laser Tracker S. Leleu, J-M. David, G. Diolez, P. Martin. Simulatio
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of different wind comfort criteria presently used at European wind engineering institutions is presented, and the main difficulties in the application could be identified through theoretical comparison and through a case study.
01 May 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the feasibility of developing a large aperture, deployable spherical antenna that meets the needs of NASA science missions requiring large (up to 35-meter) apertures for monitoring earth's atmosphere.
Abstract: Large aperture on-axis antennas for space based and terrestrial applications are of interest to NASA. The NEXRAD in Space (NIS) antenna concept is a large deployable spherical reflector that will provide accurate measurements of the earth’s atmosphere, ocean winds and other environmental parameters at much higher spatial resolutions than currently feasible. This paper presents a study conducted to evaluate the feasibility of developing a large aperture, deployable spherical antenna that meets the needs of NASA science missions requiring large (up to 35-meter) apertures for monitoring earth’s atmosphere. Several conceptual design concepts are considered for this application. The candidate concepts include inflatable reflectors, rigidizable reflectors, hybrid systems, and a deployable electrostatically tensioned reflector. An initial screening of these concepts based on mass, stiffness, and shape controllability was performed. Out of the several design concepts evaluated in this study, the electrostatically figured deployable mesh design concept is proposed as the preferred LDA design. A more detailed evaluation of this concept is performed to address the feasibility of achieving the desired surface shape accuracy using active electrostatic control to correct for on-orbit shape errors introduced by orbital heating. The concept is based on combining a proven lightweight deployable mesh antenna structure and a high precision polymer membrane reflector. The key features of this design are light weight, ability to support active shape control, ability to package well, and the concept is scalable to larger diameters.
TL;DR: In this article, a visual design and simulation package was developed for simulation of different types and configurations of desalination processes, such as heat exchangers, flash chambers, evaporators, pumps, steam ejector, compressor, reverse osmosis membrane, pipes, etc.
TL;DR: An overview of conceptual design activities on the LHD-type helical reactor FFHR is presented, mainly focusing on optimization studies on the reactor size and the proposal of a long-life blanket.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the role of fuzzy modeling in heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) and control models is discussed and a review of recent advances on the specific areas of conceptual design and control involving synthesis of HVAC components is presented.
Abstract: Paper presents role of fuzzy modeling in heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) and control models. HVAC design professionals are required to evaluate numerous design alternatives and properly justify their final conceptual selection through modeling. This trend, coupled with the knowledge of experienced designers, increasing complexity of the systems, unwillingness to commit additional funds to the design phase itself, can only be satisfied by approaching the conceptual design process in more scientific, comprehensive and rational manner as against the current empirical and often adhoc approach. Fuzzy logic offers a promising solution to this conceptual design through fuzzy modeling. Numerous fuzzy logic studies are available in the non- mechanical engineering field and allied areas such as diagnostics, energy consumption analysis, maintenance, operation and its control. Relatively little exists in using fuzzy logic based systems for mechanical engineering and very little for HVAC conceptual design and control. This review appraises recent advances on the specific areas of conceptual design and control involving synthesis of HVAC components.