Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 2018"
TL;DR: The article surveys the state-of-the-art in augmented-, virtual-, and mixed-reality systems as a whole and from a cultural heritage perspective and identifies specific application areas in digital cultural heritage and makes suggestions as to which technology is most appropriate in each case.
Abstract: A multimedia approach to the diffusion, communication, and exploitation of Cultural Heritage (CH) is a well-established trend worldwide. Several studies demonstrate that the use of new and combined media enhances how culture is experienced. The benefit is in terms of both number of people who can have access to knowledge and the quality of the diffusion of the knowledge itself. In this regard, CH uses augmented-, virtual-, and mixed-reality technologies for different purposes, including education, exhibition enhancement, exploration, reconstruction, and virtual museums. These technologies enable user-centred presentation and make cultural heritage digitally accessible, especially when physical access is constrained. A number of surveys of these emerging technologies have been conducted; however, they are either not domain specific or lack a holistic perspective in that they do not cover all the aspects of the technology. A review of these technologies from a cultural heritage perspective is therefore warranted. Accordingly, our article surveys the state-of-the-art in augmented-, virtual-, and mixed-reality systems as a whole and from a cultural heritage perspective. In addition, we identify specific application areas in digital cultural heritage and make suggestions as to which technology is most appropriate in each case. Finally, the article predicts future research directions for augmented and virtual reality, with a particular focus on interaction interfaces and explores the implications for the cultural heritage domain.
473 citations
TL;DR: A review article by as discussed by the authors traces the development of cultural tourism as a field of research over the past decade, identifying major trends and research areas, including the shift from tangible to intangible heritage, more attention for indigenous and other minority groups, and a geographical expansion in the coverage of the field.
442 citations
20 Jul 2018
TL;DR: A review of the literature on the nature, challenges, and opportunities of smart cities is presented in this paper, where a new Smart Cities framework is proposed based on the dimensions of culture, metabolism, and governance.
Abstract: The Smart City concept is still evolving and can be viewed as a branding exercise by big corporations, which is why the concept is not being used by the United Nations (U.N.). Smart Cities tend to represent the information, communication, and technological (ICT) industry alone without considering the values and cultural and historical profiles that some cities hold as legacies. However, the technology inherent in Smart Cities promises efficiencies and options that could allow cities to be more “inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable” as required by the U.N. agenda including cultural heritage. There is a notable lack of Smart City application to cultural and historical urban fabrics. Instead, the modernist new town approach has emerged under this new rubric leading to many problems such as urban decay and unsustainable car dependence. This study therefore presents a review of the literature on the nature, challenges, and opportunities of Smart Cities. A new Smart Cities framework is proposed based on the dimensions of culture, metabolism, and governance. These findings seek to inform policy makers of an alternative viewpoint on the Smart City paradigm, which focuses on urban outcomes rather than technology in isolation.
230 citations
05 May 2018
TL;DR: A review of the existing literature on H-BIM and its effective implementation in the cultural heritage sector, exploring the effectiveness and the usefulness of the different methodologies that were developed to model families of interest is presented in this article.
Abstract: Many projects concerning the protection, conservation, restoration, and dissemination of cultural heritage are being carried out around the world due to its growing interest as a driving force of socio-economic development. The existence of reliable, digital three-dimensional (3D) models that allow for the planning and management of these projects in a remote and decentralized way is currently a growing necessity. There are many software tools to perform the modeling and complete three-dimensional documentation of the intervened monuments. However, the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector has adopted the Building Information Modeling (BIM) standard over the last few decades due to the progress that has been made in its qualities and capabilities. The complex modeling of cultural heritage through commercial BIM software leads to the consideration of the concept of Heritage BIM (H-BIM), which pursues the modeling of architectural elements, according to artistic, historical, and constructive typologies. In addition, H-BIM is considered to be an emerging technology that enables us to understand, document, advertize, and virtually reconstruct the built heritage. This article is a review of the existing literature on H-BIM and its effective implementation in the cultural heritage sector, exploring the effectiveness and the usefulness of the different methodologies that were developed to model families of elements of interest.
209 citations
TL;DR: In cultural heritage sites around the globe, augmented reality is being utilized as a tool to provide visitors with better experiences while preserving the integrity of the sites as discussed by the authors, however, lit...
Abstract: In cultural heritage sites around the globe, augmented reality (AR) is being utilized as a tool to provide visitors with better experiences while preserving the integrity of the sites. However, lit...
194 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the emotional as well as experiential impacts of Augmented Reality (AR) have been investigated in a number of industry sectors, and an open issue remains over the emotional and experiencial impacts of AR.
Abstract: While Augmented Reality (AR) is increasingly being implemented across a number of industry sectors, an open issue remains over the emotional as well as experiential impacts of this new technology w...
152 citations
TL;DR: Evaluation of what and where it is possible nowadays to find the main differences between photogrammetry and computer vision approaches and how these have to be considered in the choice of the processing technique is allowed to enlighten some differences between the two image processing approaches.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the cultural differences and the effect on AR acceptance in cultural heritage tourism sites, focusing on the aesthetic and hedonic characteristics of AR applications, and found that the aesthetics of AR have a strong influence on perceived enjoyment.
Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly used in cultural heritage tourism sites for the enhancement of the tourist experience. However, behavioral intention to adopt AR is dependent on cultural traits, and close investigation is required on cultural differences. To explore these cultural differences and the effect on AR acceptance in cultural heritage tourism sites, this study aims to focus on the aesthetic and hedonic characteristics of AR applications.,Data were collected in two countries with strong contrasts in Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to explore cultural differences in AR acceptance. In total, 145 questionnaires were collected in Deoksugung Palace, South Korea, and 119 questionnaires were collected in the An Post Museum, Republic of Ireland. Data were analyzed using PLS Graph 3.0.,The findings confirmed that the aesthetics of AR have a strong influence on perceived enjoyment. Furthermore, this study supported the notion that high power distance, collectivism and high uncertainty avoidance culture such as South Korea’s perceives stronger dependence on social influence and the hedonic characteristics of AR.,AR innovation and marketing within the hospitality and tourism industry requires an understanding of cultural differences to ensure successful implementation. In addition, tourism and hospitality managers need to ensure that the needs and requirements of different target markets are met.,This study applied Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to explore the differences between two very distinct countries with regard to AR acceptance. The findings provide important implications for the implementation of tourism AR applications for different countries, especially considering international target markets.
134 citations
TL;DR: Yesilyuva Nature Park’s natural and cultural properties have been determined to be suitable for sustainable tourism activities using geographic information systems (GIS) and protection in the field, which balances sustainability and landscape design, will provide for the development of tourism activities.
Abstract: The surface site of Yesilyuva Nature Park encompasses natural, social, economic, and cultural characteristics and has become a marker of the region's natural and cultural heritage. To support the preservation of this site, promotional activities should be planned. In this study, because of tourism and related opinions of residents and visitors alike in terms of their natural determination, an important cultural and historical feature is aimed at evaluating the tourism potential of Yesilyuva Nature Park. This framework is designed to establish prospective tourism sustainability. As a result, Yesilyuva Nature Park's natural and cultural properties have been determined to be suitable for sustainable tourism activities using geographic information systems (GIS). This protection in the field, which balances sustainability and landscape design, will provide for the development of tourism activities. In the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis and survey, residents and visitors reported that the most important feature of the Yesilyuva Nature Park was its natural beauty. Visitors often come to observe traditional and natural life and to engage in tourism activities. All the data, which includes maps derived from GIS, represents landscape planning for sustainable tourism areas in Yesilyuva Nature Park.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review examined existing literature on factors that influence youths' career choices in both collectivist and individualistic cultural settings from around the globe with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps and providing direction for future research.
Abstract: Good career planning leads to life fulfillment; however cultural heritage can conflict with youths' personal interests. This systematic review examined existing literature on factors that influence youths' career choices in both collectivist and individualistic cultural settings from around the globe with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps and providing direction for future research.
A systematic review strategy using the Joana Briggs Institute's format was conducted. The ERIC, PsychInfo, Scopus and Informit Platform databases were searched for articles published between January 1997 and May 2018.
A total of 30 articles were included in the review, findings revealed that youth from collectivist cultures were mainly influenced by family expectations, whereby higher career congruence with parents increased career confidence and self-efficacy. Personal interest was highlighted as the major factor that influenced career choice in individualistic settings, and the youth were more independent in their career decision making. Bicultural youth who were more acculturated to their host countries were more intrinsically motivated in their career decision making.
Further research is imperative to guide the understanding of parental influence and diversity, particularly for bicultural youths' career prospects and their ability to use the resources available in their new environments to attain meaningful future career goals.
100 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the geoinformatics technologies of photogrammetry, remote sensing, and spatial information science and their application to Cultural Heritage (CH) and highlight the potential and impact of these technologies for the measurement of official SDG indicators, as well as UNESCO's Culture for Development Indicators.
Abstract: Cultural Heritage (CH) is recognised as being of historical, social, and anthropological value and is considered as an enabler of sustainable development. As a result, it is included in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11 and 8. SDG 11.4 emphasises the protection and safeguarding of heritage, and SDG 8.9 aims to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products. This paper briefly reviews the geoinformatics technologies of photogrammetry, remote sensing, and spatial information science and their application to CH. Detailed aspects of CH-related SDGs, comprising protection and safeguarding, as well as the promotion of sustainable tourism are outlined. Contributions of geoinformatics technologies to each of these aspects are then identified and analysed. Case studies in both developing and developed countries, supported by funding directed at the UN SDGs, are presented to illustrate the challenges and opportunities of geoinformatics to enhance CH protection and to promote sustainable tourism. The potential and impact of geoinformatics for the measurement of official SDG indicators, as well as UNESCO’s Culture for Development Indicators, are discussed. Based on analysis of the review and the presented case studies, it is concluded that the contribution of geoinformatics to the achievement of CH SDGs is necessary, significant and evident. Moreover, following the UNESCO initiative to introduce CH into the sustainable development agenda and related ICOMOS action plan, the concept of Sustainable Cultural Heritage is defined, reflecting the significance of CH to the United Nations’ ambition to “transform our world”.
14 Aug 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the perceptions of experts involved in the management and preservation of cultural heritage on adaptation to climate change risks and found that the majority of the experts believe that adaptation of heritage to climate changes is possible.
Abstract: Changes in rainfall patterns, humidity, and temperature, as well as greater exposure to severe weather events, has led to the need for adapting cultural heritage to climate change. However, there is limited research accomplished to date on the process of adaptation of cultural heritage to climate change. This paper examines the perceptions of experts involved in the management and preservation of cultural heritage on adaptation to climate change risks. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from the UK, Italy, and Norway as well as a participatory workshop with stakeholders. The results indicate that the majority of interviewees believe that adaptation of cultural heritage to climate change is possible. Opportunities for, barriers to, and requirements for adapting cultural heritage to climate change, as perceived by the interviewees, provided a better understanding of what needs to be provided and prioritized for adaptation to take place and in its strategic planning. Knowledge of management methodologies incorporating climate change impacts by the interviewees together with best practice examples in adapting cultural heritage to climate change are also reported. Finally, the interviewees identified the determinant factors for the implementation of climate change adaptation. This paper highlights the need for more research on this topic and the identification and dissemination of practical solutions and tools for the incorporation of climate change adaptation in the preservation and management of cultural heritage.
TL;DR: The notions of risk and resilience are increasingly relevant to cultural heritage and archaeological sites and monuments in particular are widely perceived to be vulnerable and subjected to growing risk and vulnerability as discussed by the authors...
Abstract: The notions of risk and resilience are increasingly relevant to cultural heritage Archaeological sites and monuments in particular are widely perceived to be vulnerable and subjected to growing ri
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified two cultural services (aesthetic and cultural heritage values), and the biodiversity associated with this landscape at 24 sampling sites, and related these variables with the territory density of an indicator/flagship bird species, the common redstart.
TL;DR: The authors found that firms led by second- or third-generation immigrants are associated with a 6.2% higher profitability compared with the average firm, and attributed this effect to various cultural values that prevail in a CEO's ancestral country of origin.
Abstract: We exploit variation in the cultural heritage across U.S. CEOs who are the children or grandchildren of immigrants to demonstrate that the cultural origins of CEOs matter for corporate outcomes. Following shocks to industry competition, firms led by CEOs who are second- or third-generation immigrants are associated with a 6.2% higher profitability compared with the average firm. This effect weakens over successive immigrant generations and cannot be detected for top executives apart from the CEO. Additional analysis attributes this effect to various cultural values that prevail in a CEO’s ancestral country of origin.
TL;DR: This work designed a solution based on LoRa and Sigfox technologies to produce the minimum impact in the artwork, achieving a lifespan of more than 10 years.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the elements of person-place bonding that may contribute to the sustainability of intangible cultural heritage, and how these elements help in sustainability of heritage tourism.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review on disaster risk mitigation of urban cultural heritage assets located in historical centres is presented, by providing a holistic framework on the features of such a complex system.
Abstract: This paper aims at providing a comprehensive review on disaster risk mitigation of urban cultural heritage assets located in historical centres, by providing a holistic framework on the features of such a complex system. From all the hazards and threats that can possibly harm cultural heritage assets, particular focus will be given to earthquake risk. The review of the state of science in which the earthquake risk mitigation concerns is considered fundamental to understand the current streams of thought and to identify new research gaps and opportunities to enhance the knowledge level on this particular field of research.
TL;DR: In this paper, a semiautomatic 3D-methodology, with a minimum user interaction, is proposed, able to accurately analyse both radiometric and geometric data recovered by a non-contact technology (Terrestrial Laser Scanning), allowing the extraction and quantification of a wide diversity of pathological processes from biological colonization to deformations.
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of heritage tourism in Nanjing, China considers cultural political economy's relevance and value, including the distinctive research questions it raises, and reveals, for example, how economic relations in the built environment were related to tourist meaning-making and identities in the cultural/semiotic sphere.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored and identified issues faced by traditional craftsmanship in developing countries and to address those issues in order to contribute to the sustainability of traditional craft heritage and ensure continuous transmission of craft skills and knowledge from generation to generation.
Abstract: Cultural heritage embodied in traditional crafts is an integral part of any nation which reflects the culture and tradition of a particular region. Although the importance of handicraft has been widely recognized, the literature regarding preservation of traditional craft is scarce. The present paper aimed to explore and identify issues faced by traditional craftsmanship in developing countries and to address those issues in order to contribute to the sustainability of traditional craft heritage and ensure continuous transmission of craft skills and knowledge from generation to generation. Our study identified several key issues which poses substantial challenges to the preservation of traditional craft heritage in developing countries. In order to add empirical evidence, we examined the case of Pakistani handicraft industry that provided further understanding of highlighted issues which traditional craft heritage face. We have suggested some policies to promote, develop and preserve the traditional craft heritage. The significance of these policy suggestions is underlined with the case study of Pakistan.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether there is a link between the rank of a sporting event, the development of tourism, and the impact on the host city's image and found that the highest additional tourism activity in the city on the occasion of participation in an event as an athlete or supporter was undertaken by the participants of the lowest ranked sporting event (half-Marathon).
Abstract: The theoretical part of this article presents the meaning of sporting events for the tourism industry and the importance of sporting events at a small scale, as well as heritage sporting events for sustainable development of tourist destinations. The literature review shows that there is a clear research gap with respect to the analysis of economic and social impacts of small-scale events. The empirical research was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey during three sporting events of different rank, which took place in Poland and represented various sports disciplines—running, horse riding, and swimming. A total of 2098 respondents took part in the study, including sports tourists and resident-hosts who took part in the studied events. The aim of the study was to examine whether there is a link between the rank of a sporting event, the development of tourism, and the impact on the host city’s image. The results of the study showed that the highest additional tourism activity in the city on the occasion of participation in an event as an athlete or supporter was undertaken by the participants of the lowest ranked sporting event (Half-Marathon). They also gave the highest rating of the positive impact of a sporting event on the host city’s image. The hosts also rated the highest social impact from the Half-Marathon (i.e., increased sense of pride, social integration, and local identity). Events related to the heritage of the sport of a given region and other smaller-scale sporting events, including mass sports and recreation events (e.g., marathons and other running events), provide an alternative to homogenized, commercial, and very expensive sporting events in the world and may contribute to the sustainable development of tourist regions. The research results show that big social potential lies in the organization of small-scale sports events. The reflections contained in this article may inspire the organization of small-scale sporting events and the continued care for sporting events related to the cultural heritage of a given region. Events of this kind successfully impact tourist revival and improvement of the regions’ image.
01 Feb 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the evolution suffered by the very conception of heritage, key element in modern occidental culture, and the progressive theoretical re-elaboration of the concept of "territory" as a cultural and economic resource.
Abstract: The consideration of territory as a cultural and economic resource develops on its recent and on-going valuation as part of the historic and cultural heritage. This understanding as «heritage», rests on two main coordinates: the evolution suffered by the very conception of heritage, key element in modern occidental culture, and the progressive theoretical re-elaboration of the concept of «territory». Both collide, in the last few years, in a identification that allows to talk of territorial heritage, qualifying, thus, not only the construed object but the «construction» of space, beyond the building. This perspective, which is the one to justify this meeting, constitutes the starting point of this analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, a historical castle was selected as a case study; this unique piece of architecture is located in the Piedmont Region, close to city of Turin (Italy), and the results show a direct relation between a historical digital model, finalized to the management of architectural and system components, and visualization tools.
Abstract: Nowadays, architectural heritage is increasingly exposed to dangers due to natural disasters or human invasive actions. However, management and conservation represent crucial phases within the life cycle of historical buildings. Unfortunately, the complexity of conservation practices and the lack of knowledge of historic buildings are the cause of an inefficient recovering process in case of emergencies. To overcome this problem, this research aims to ensure the preservation of relevant information through the use of building information modeling (BIM) methodology. By developing historic building information models (HBIMs), it is possible to enhance the architectural heritage. This represents an opportunity to incorporate digital media into the global heritage conservation field. To achieve this goal, a historical castle was selected as a case study; this unique piece of architecture is located in the Piedmont Region, close to city of Turin (Italy). The results show a direct relation between a historical digital model, finalized to the management of architectural and system components, and visualization tools. To conclude, the adoption of this strategy is an effective way to preserve and consult information using advanced visualization techniques based on augmented and virtual reality (AR and VR).
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction between intangible cultural heritage and tourism in an NPA with a special focus on the role of cultural heritage was investigated, and the authors found that local cultural heritage can manifest and be used in tourism in three distinct ways: First, as a source of attraction and addition to any tourism offerings; second, as conservation tool, especially where the natural environment has strong cultural meanings for the local community; and third, as an driver for facilitating culturally and natu...
Abstract: The ‘new paradigm’ for protected areas emphasizes communities and their cultural assets, including intangible cultural heritage, as critical and inseparable parts of these areas. As tourism can be a significant factor in the economic framework of natural protected areas (NPAs), the prominent role of the community can have important implications. This paper reports on one of the first empirical studies on the interaction between intangible cultural heritage and tourism in an NPA with a special focus on the role of intangible cultural heritage. It is based on six months of qualitative ethnographic fieldwork in Qeshm Geopark, in the South of Iran. Local intangible cultural heritage is found to manifest and be used in tourism in three distinct ways: First, as a source of attraction and addition to any tourism offerings; second, as conservation tool, especially where the natural environment has strong cultural meanings for the local community; and third, as a driver for facilitating culturally and natu...
TL;DR: The historical evolution of Saint Jeromés Church in Baza will be analysed and stored in a functional model which includes geometry and its current state and a procedure for building the BIM through its historical roots and evolution to be included in each remarkable object modelled from the point cloud surveyed is proposed.
Abstract: Heritage buildings traditionally have been tackled from several points of view: architectonic features, architectural style, archaeology, history, etc. Documents derived from those studies were classified and put together to form the documentation for consultation, taking decisions about its conservation, and restoration. Such a document organisation has some inconveniences: objects composing the building were treated as isolated objects not related to its adjacent objects. Nowadays technology may help to discover the relationship between architectural objects forming heritage buildings. The tool that makes it possible to include functionality in architectural objects is BIM (Building Information Modelling). In this paper the historical evolution of Saint Jeromes Church in Baza will be analysed and stored in a functional model which includes geometry and its current state. We propose a procedure for building the BIM through its historical roots and evolution to be included in each remarkable object modell...
TL;DR: Three different approaches to microbial ecology were considered: molecular, sensory and morphological, and biocontrol methods, to highlight the usefulness of the traditional as well as the modern methods.
Abstract: Microbial activity has an important impact on the maintenance of cultural heritage materials, owing to the key role of microorganisms in many deterioration processes. In order to minimize such deleterious effects, there is a need to fine-tune methods that detect and characterize microorganisms. Trends in microbiology indicate that this need can be met by incorporating modern techniques. All of the methods considered in this review paper are employed in the identification, surveillance, and control of microorganisms, and they have two points in common: They are currently used in microbial ecology (only literature from 2009 to 2015 is included), and they are often applied in the cultural heritage sector. More than 75 peer-reviewed journal articles addressing three different approaches were considered: molecular, sensory and morphological, and biocontrol methods. The goal of this review is to highlight the usefulness of the traditional as well as the modern methods. The general theme in the literature cited suggests using an integrated approach.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new evaluation scheme based on the most commonly used attributes for quantifying geosites as applied to geomorphological landscapes and geological processes with natural and/or cultural heritage.
Abstract: Geosites are sites of scientific interest based on geology or geomorphology that can serve various purposes such as research, conservation, education, tourism, and sustainable development. Quantifying their value to potential visitors and researchers is widely recognized as a useful tool for the effective development and management and for the protection of geological heritage of a certain area. Although many quantitative evaluation schemes have been proposed for various types of sites in Europe, over the past two decades, the schemes can give widely variable results for the same sites due to differences in needs and expectations, which can present difficulties for inter-site comparison for management purposes. It therefore remains necessary to develop a uniform evaluation scheme with low overall complexity to assist with prioritization and management. This study presents a new evaluation scheme based on the most commonly used attributes for quantifying geosites as applied to geomorphological landscapes and geological processes with natural and/or cultural heritage. The utility of the evaluation scheme is demonstrated through application to selected geosites in Japan, Germany, and Poland. The results clearly show the present condition of geosites, identify their promotional advantages and disadvantages, and provide a widely applicable reference for planning and development of such sites for geotourism.
TL;DR: This paper aims at providing a state-of-the-art on this subject, focusing specifically on the cultural heritage area, underlining the technological challenges and also analyzing the effects of avatar interaction on user engagement, sense of immersion and learning effectiveness.
TL;DR: In this paper, the connotations of authenticity and its relevance to Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) need further consideration, and the connotation of authenticity is a significant concept in the heritage field.
Abstract: Authenticity is a significant concept in the heritage field. However, the connotations of authenticity and its relevance to Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) need further consideration. Th...