Showing papers on "Dispersion-shifted fiber published in 2014"
TL;DR: A 3x1 fiber-based photonic lantern spatial-multiplexer with mode-selectivity greater than 6 dB and transmission loss of less than 0.3 dB is demonstrated, which are to the authors' knowledge the lowest insertion and mode-dependent loss devices.
Abstract: We demonstrate a 3x1 fiber-based photonic lantern spatial-multiplexer with mode-selectivity greater than 6 dB and transmission loss of less than 0.3 dB. The total insertion loss of the mode-selective multiplexers when coupled to a graded-index few-mode fiber was < 2 dB. These mode multiplexers showed mode-dependent loss below 0.5 dB. To our knowledge these are the lowest insertion and mode-dependent loss devices, which are also fully compatible with conventional few-mode fiber technology and broadband operation.
347 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a few-layer Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) polymer composite is used as broadband saturable absorber (SA) for Q-switching.
Abstract: We propose and demonstrate 1, 1.5, and 2 μm passively Q-switched fiber lasers by exploiting a few-layer Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) polymer composite as broadband saturable absorber (SA), respectively. The few-layer MoS2 nanosheets are prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation method, and are composited with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The PVA-MoS2 film is sandwiched between two fiber ferrules to form the fiber-compatible SA. The few-layer MoS2 not only shows good transparency from ultraviolet to mid-infrared spectral region, but also possesses the nonlinear saturable absorption. The modulation depth and saturation optical intensity of the PVA-MoS2 film are measured to be 1.6% and 13 MW/cm2 at 1566 nm by the balanced twin-detector technique, respectively. By further inserting the filmy PVA-MoS2 SA into the cavities of Yb-, Er- and Tm-doped fiber lasers, we achieve stable Q-switching operations at 1.06, 1.56, and 2.03 μm, respectively. The output characteristics of the Q-switched pulses at the three wavelengths have been investigated, respectively. The MoS2-based Q-switching enables the large pulse energy of ∼1 μJ with a pulse width of 1.76 μs. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of MoS2-based Q-switched fiber lasers in a wide wavelength range (from 1 to 2 μm). Our results experimentally confirm that the new-type 2-D material, few-layer MoS2, is a promising broadband SA to Q-switch fiber lasers covering all major wavelengths from near- to mid-infrared region.
320 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the use of a new saturable absorber material, antimony telluride (Sb2Te3), for efficient mode-locking of an Erbium-doped fiber laser.
Abstract: We demonstrate the usage of a new saturable absorber material – antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) for efficient mode-locking of an Erbium-doped fiber laser. The Sb2Te3 layers were obtained by mechanical exfoliation and transferred onto the fiber connector tip. The all-fiber laser was capable of generating optical solitons with the full width at half maximum of 1.8 nm centered at 1558.6 nm, with 4.75 MHz repetition rate. The pulse energy of the generated 1.8 ps pulses was at the level of 105 pJ.
224 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed and demonstrated a MoS2-based passively Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser with a wide tuning range of 1519.6-1567.7 nm, and to the best of the knowledge, it is the first demonstration ofMoS2 Q- Switched, widely-tunable fiber laser.
Abstract: We propose and demonstrate a MoS2-based passively Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser with a wide tuning range of 1519.6-1567.7 nm. The few-layer MoS2 nano-platelets are prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation method, and are then made into polymer-composite film to construct the fiber-compatible MoS2 saturable absorber (SA). It is measured at 1560 nm wavelength, that such MoS2 SA has the modulation depth of ∼ 2% and the saturable optical intensity of ∼ 10 MW/cm(2). By further inserting the filmy MoS2-SA into an Er-doped fiber laser, stable Q-switching operation with a 48.1 nm continuous tuning from S- to C-waveband is successfully achieved. The shortest pulse duration and the maximum pulse energy are 3.3 μs and 160 nJ, respectively. The repetition rate and the pulse duration under different operation conditions have been also characterized. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of MoS2 Q-switched, widely-tunable fiber laser.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate wavelength and mode-division multiplexed transmission over a fiber re-circulating loop comprising 50-km of low-DMGD few-mode fiber, and an optimized fewmode EDFA with reduced wavelength dependent gain and mode dependent gain.
Abstract: We demonstrate wavelength- and mode-division multiplexed transmission over a fiber re-circulating loop comprising 50-km of low-DMGD few-mode fiber, and an optimized few-mode EDFA with reduced wavelength-dependent gain and mode-dependent gain. We characterize the channel matrix in terms of its singular value spread, and investigate its long-term stability.
180 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the current state of the art in infrared Bi-doped fiber laser research is reviewed and the relevant fiber glass compositions and fiber technologies are introduced, as well as the energy level schemes of these centers.
Abstract: The current state of the art in infrared Bi-doped fiber laser research is reviewed. The relevant fiber glass compositions and fiber technologies are introduced. Lasers operating on transitions ranging from 1.15 to 1.55 μm occurring in the bismuth active centers and their energy level schemes are discussed on the basis of the spectroscopic properties of these centers. Continuous-wave fundamental-mode power levels ranging from a few mW near 1.55 μm up to 16 W near 1.16 μm and 22 W near 1.46 μm have been demonstrated in recent years.
179 citations
TL;DR: A novel type of few-mode fiber, characterized by an inverse-parabolic graded-index profile, is proposed for the robust transmission of cylindrical vector modes as well as modes carrying quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM).
Abstract: A novel type of few-mode fiber, characterized by an inverse-parabolic graded-index profile, is proposed for the robust transmission of cylindrical vector modes as well as modes carrying quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM). Large effective index separations between vector modes (>2.1 × 10−4) are numerically calculated and experimentally confirmed in this fiber over the whole C-band, enabling transmission of OAM(+/−1,1) modes for distances up to 1.1 km. Simple design rules are provided for the optimization of the fiber parameters.
164 citations
TL;DR: The ring laser resonator based on Er-doped active fiber with managed intracavity dispersion was capable of generating ultrashort optical pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm centered at 1565 nm.
Abstract: In this work we present for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a stretched-pulse mode-locked fiber laser based on topological insulator. As a saturable absorber (SA) a ~0.5 mm thick lump of antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) deposited on a side-polished fiber was used. Such a SA introduced 6% modulation depth with 43% of non-saturable losses, which is sufficient for supporting stretched-pulse mode-locking. The ring laser resonator based on Er-doped active fiber with managed intracavity dispersion was capable of generating ultrashort optical pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm centered at 1565 nm. The pulses with duration of 128 fs were repeated with a frequency of 22.32 MHz.
159 citations
TL;DR: The first erbium-doped zirconium-fluoride-based glass fiber laser operating well beyond 3 μm with significant power and efficiency is reported, and it exhibited the longest wavelength of operation obtained to date for a room temperature, nonsupercontinuum fiber laser.
Abstract: We report the first, to the best of our knowledge, erbium-doped zirconium-fluoride-based glass fiber laser operating well beyond 3 μm with significant power. This fiber laser achieved 260 mW in CW at room temperature. The use of two different wavelength pump sources allows us to take advantage of the long-lived excited states that would normally cause a bottleneck, and this enables maximum incident optical-to-optical efficiency of 16% with respect to the total incident pump power. Both output power and efficiency are an order of magnitude improvement over similar lasers demonstrated previously. The fiber laser operating at 3.604 μm also exhibited the longest wavelength of operation obtained to date for a room temperature, nonsupercontinuum fiber laser.
149 citations
TL;DR: Application of a multilayer Molybdenum Disulfide thin film as a saturable absorber was experimentally demonstrated by realizing a stable and robust passive mode-locked fiber laser via the evanescent field interaction between the light and the film.
Abstract: Application of a multilayer Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) thin film as a saturable absorber was experimentally demonstrated by realizing a stable and robust passive mode-locked fiber laser via the evanescent field interaction between the light and the film. The MoS2 film was grown by chemical vapor deposition, and was then transferred to a side polished fiber by a lift-off method. Intensity-dependent optical transmission through the MoS2 thin film on side polished fiber was experimentally observed showing efficient saturable absorption characteristics. Using erbium doped fiber as an optical gain medium, we built an all-fiber ring cavity, where the MoS2 film on the side polished fiber was inserted as a saturable absorber. Stable dissipative soliton pulse trains were successfully generated in the normal dispersion regime with a spectral bandwidth of 23.2 nm and the pulse width of 4.98 ps. By adjusting the total dispersion in the cavity, we also obtained soliton pulses with a width of 637 fs in the anomalous dispersion regime near the lasing wavelength λ = 1.55 μm. Detailed and systematic experimental comparisons were made for stable mode locking of an all-fiber laser cavity in both the normal and anomalous regimes.
142 citations
TL;DR: This work fabricates a hollow antiresonant fiber which presents a bending loss as low as 0.25 dB/turn at a wavelength of 3.35 μm and a bend radius of 2.5 cm and uses numerical simulations to show that bending losses of hollowant fibers are a strong function of their geometrical structure.
Abstract: We first use numerical simulations to show that bending losses of hollow antiresonant fibers are a strong function of their geometrical structure. We then demonstrate this by fabricating a hollow antiresonant fiber which presents a bending loss as low as 0.25dB/turn at a wavelength of 3.35μm and a bend radius of 2.5cm. This fiber has a relatively low attenuation (<200dB/km) over 600nm mid-infrared spectral range.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported broadband (up to ~1000 nm) ultrafast pulse generation from three fiber lasers mode-locked by a single graphene saturable absorber device, based on Yb-, Er- and Tm:Ho-doped fiber lasers at the central wavelength of 1035, 1564, and 1908 nm, respectively.
Abstract: Ultrafast fiber lasers with broad spectral coverage are in great demand for a variety of applications, such as spectroscopy, and biomedical diagnosis. Graphene is an ideal ultrawide-band saturable absorber. We report broadband (up to ~1000 nm) ultrafast pulse generation from three fiber lasers mode-locked by a single graphene saturable absorber device. The mode-locked pulses were based on Yb-, Er- and Tm:Ho-doped fiber lasers at the central wavelength of 1035, 1564, and 1908 nm, respectively. The maximum output energy is up to 16.2 nJ at 1908 nm. It is the first time that ultrafast fiber lasers covering 1, 1.5, and 2 μm spectral region are mode-locked with a single graphene device. Our results validate the intrinsic broadband operation property of graphene devices for all major fiber laser wavelengths from 1 to 2 μm.
TL;DR: To the best of the knowledge, this is the first report of an octave-spanning, all-normal dispersion supercontinuum generation in a non-silica microstructured fiber, where the spectrum long-wavelength edge is red-shifted to as far as 2300 nm.
Abstract: Supercontinuum spanning over an octave from 900 – 2300 nm is reported in an all-normal dispersion, soft glass photonic crystal fiber. The all-solid microstructured fiber was engineered to achieve a normal dispersion profile flattened to within −50 to −30 ps/nm/km in the wavelength range of 1100 – 2700 nm. Under pumping with 75 fs pulses centered at 1550 nm, the recorded spectral flatness is 7 dB in the 930 – 2170 nm range, and significantly less if cladding modes present in the uncoated photonic crystal fiber are removed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an octave-spanning, all-normal dispersion supercontinuum generation in a non-silica microstructured fiber, where the spectrum long-wavelength edge is red-shifted to as far as 2300 nm. This is also an important step in moving the concept of ultrafast coherent supercontinuum generation in all-normal dispersion fibers further towards the mid-infrared spectral region.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-span, 67-km space division multiplexed (SDM) wavelength division multiple access (WDM) system incorporating the first reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) supporting spatial superchannels and the first cladding-pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifier directly spliced to multicore transmission fiber is presented.
Abstract: We report a two-span, 67-km space-division-multiplexed (SDM) wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) system incorporating the first reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) supporting spatial superchannels and the first cladding-pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifier directly spliced to multicore transmission fiber. The ROADM subsystem utilizes two conventional 1 × 20 wavelength selective switches (WSS) each configured to implement a 7 × (1 × 2) WSS. ROADM performance tests indicate that the subchannel insertion losses, attenuation accuracies, and passband widths are well matched to each other and show no significant penalty, compared to the conventional operating mode for the WSS. For 6 × 40 × 128-Gb/s SDM-WDM polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift-keyed (PM-QPSK) transmission on 50 GHz spacing, optical signal-to-noise ratio penalties are less than 1.6 dB in Add, Drop, and Express paths. In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing joint signal processing of subchannels in this two-span, ROADM system.
09 Mar 2014
TL;DR: A directly modulated 850nm VCSEL-based optical link operating error free (BER <; 1E-12) at 64Gb/s over 57m of OM4 multimode fiber is reported.
Abstract: We report a directly modulated 850nm VCSEL-based optical link operating error free (BER < 1E-12) at 64Gb/s over 57m of OM4 multimode fiber. At 60Gb/s, the error free distance increases to 107m.
TL;DR: The finite element method (FEM) model was used to investigate the modal behavior in multicore Fiber and to predict the phase-matching curves of the long period grating inscribed into multicore fiber.
Abstract: Long period grating was UV inscribed into a multicore fiber consisting of 120 single mode cores. The multicore fiber that hosts the grating was fusion spliced into a single mode fiber at both ends. The splice creates a taper transition between the two types of fiber that produces a nonadiabatic mode evolution; this results in the illumination of all the modes in the multicore fiber. The spectral characteristics of this fiber device as a function of curvature were investigated. The device yielded a significant spectral sensitivity as high as 1.23 nm/m-1 and 3.57 dB/m-1 to the ultra-low curvature values from 0 to 1 m-1. This fiber device can also distinguish the orientation of curvature experienced by the fiber as the long period grating attenuation bands producing either a blue or red wavelength shift. The finite element method (FEM) model was used to investigate the modal behavior in multicore fiber and to predict the phase-matching curves of the long period grating inscribed into multicore fiber.
TL;DR: In this paper, an optimum design for highly birefringent hybrid photonic crystal fiber (HyPCF) based on a modified structure for broadband compensation covering the S, C, and L-communication bands is presented.
TL;DR: An all-fiber Tm(3+)-doped silica fiber laser operating at a wide selectable wavelength range is demonstrated by using different fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as wavelength selection elements.
Abstract: We demonstrate an all-fiber Tm3+-doped silica fiber laser operating at a wide selectable wavelength range by using different fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as wavelength selection elements. With a specifically designed high reflective (HR) FBG and the fiber end as an output coupler, the lasing in the range from 1975 nm to 2150 nm with slope efficiency of >30% can be achieved. By employing a low reflective (LR) FBG as the output coupler, the obtainable wavelengths were extended to the range between 1925 nm and 2200 nm which is the reported longest wavelength from the Tm3+-doped silica fiber lasers. Furthermore, by employing a FBG array in the laser cavity and inducing bend loss between adjacent FBGs in the array, six switchable lasing wavelengths were achieved. © 2014 Optical Society of America.
TL;DR: This work has demonstrated the highest emission wavelength delivered by a fiber laser operating at room temperature, demonstrated at a wavelength of 3.766 μm in a cascaded Raman gain device.
Abstract: Laser emission is demonstrated at a wavelength of 3.766 μm in a cascaded Raman gain device. The laser cavity is made of two nested pairs of fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in a 2.8 m length of low-loss As2S3 fiber. An erbium-doped fluoride glass quasi-CW fiber laser emitting at 3.005 μm is used to pump the cascaded Raman cavity, which converts the pump wavelength successively to the first and second Stokes orders, respectively at 3.340 and 3.766 μm. A laser output peak power in excess of 100 mW is obtained with a lasing efficiency of about 8.3% with respect to the launched pump power. This represents the highest emission wavelength delivered by a fiber laser operating at room temperature.
TL;DR: In this article, a supercontinuum generation with an optical spectrum spanning from 1208 to 2111 nm was achieved using a 1-m nonlinear fiber pumped by amplified noise-like pulses of 15.5 MHz repetition rate at an average power of 202 mW.
Abstract: Supercontinuum generation in a highly nonlinear fiber pumped by noise-like pulses from an erbium-doped fiber ring laser is investigated. To generate ultrabroad spectra, a fiber amplifier is used to boost the power launched into the highly nonlinear fiber. After amplification, not only the average power of the noise-like pulses is enhanced but the spectrum of the pulses is also broadened due to nonlinear effects in the fiber amplifier. This leads to a reduction of the peak duration in their autocorrelation trace, suggesting a similar extent of pulse compression; by contrast, the pedestal duration increases only slightly, suggesting that the noise-like characteristic is maintained. By controlling the pump power of the fiber amplifier, the compression ratio of the noise-like pulse duration can be adjusted. Due to the pulse compression, supercontinuum generation with a broader spectrum is therefore feasible at a given average power level of the noise-like pulses launched into the highly nonlinear fiber. As a result, supercontinuum generation with an optical spectrum spanning from 1208 to 2111 nm is achieved using a 1-m nonlinear fiber pumped by amplified noise-like pulses of 15.5 MHz repetition rate at an average power of 202 mW.
TL;DR: In this paper, two types of modal instabilities observed in high power Yb amplifiers based on Large Mode Area Fibers are reported. The first is observed to occur at a threshold power, which they refer to as Threshold Power Modal Instabilities (TPMI).
Abstract: We report on two types of modal instabilities observed in high power Yb amplifiers based on Large Mode Area Fibers. The first is observed to occur at a Threshold Power, which we refer to as Threshold Power Modal Instabilities (TPMI). The modal instability is observed as a decrease in beam quality or reduced core light output as higher order modes leak into the fiber cladding. In PM 25/400 fiber amplifiers, we observe the threshold for the modal instability to vary depending on pump wavelength detuning, with the onset occurring at approximately 15 W/m peak heat load. In PM 20/400 and 25/400 fiber amplifiers without stress rods or other polarization control, we can achieve 1 kW output, limited by available pump power, without modal instabilities. The second type of modal instability is observed for certain cases where the fiber initially operates without any sign of MI but then degrades over an extended operating time, leading to a similar behavior as the TPMI. We refer to the second class as Fiber Degradation Modal Instabilities (FDMI). For these degraded fibers, we observe that fiber performance is unchanged below the critical power for modal instabilities. Experiments on degraded fiber show a wavelength dependent permanent change in the degraded fiber with a memory of the original operating wavelength.
TL;DR: A compact temperature-insensitive optical fiber twist sensor based on multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated and shows a sensitivity up to 1.959 nm/(rad/m).
Abstract: A compact temperature-insensitive optical fiber twist sensor based on multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. A multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating is fabricated with a multi-period rotation technology. A π/2 and a 3π/2 phase shift is introduced in the helical long period fiber grating by changing the period. The helical pitch can be effectively changed with a different twist rate, which is measured by calculating the wavelength difference between two phase shift peaks. Although the wavelength of the phase shift peak also shifts with a change of the temperature, the wavelength difference between two phase shift peaks is constant due to two fixed phase shifts in the helical long period fiber grating, which is extremely insensitive to temperature change for the multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating. The experimental results show that a sensitivity of up to 1.959 nm/(rad/m) is achieved.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of mid-infrared photoluminescence in the wavelength range 3.5-5.5μm emitted from Pr3+: GeAsGaSe core/GeAsGaSE cladding chalcogenide fiber is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel interrogation system for large scale sensing network with identical ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is proposed, theoretically analyzed and experimentally studied, based on time-division multiplexing (TDM) technique, two semiconductor optical amplifiers are introduced to the interrogation system to achieve fast and flexible demodulation.
Abstract: A novel interrogation system for large scale sensing network with identical ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) is proposed, theoretically analyzed and experimentally studied. Based on time-division multiplexing (TDM) technique, two semiconductor optical amplifiers are introduced to the interrogation system to achieve fast and flexible demodulation. A simulation depending on the formula of reflected pulse spectra, derived by analyzing the source of disturbance along the optical path, is processed for evaluating the performance theoretically. Experiment was demonstrated on an 843 serial FBGs sensor network, with a peak reflectivity of -40 to -45 dB and a spatial resolution of 2 m along a single optical fiber by launching a 50 kHz scanning frequency with 20 ns effective pulse width to the system. Due to the low crosstalk, it is possible to integrate several thousands of FBG sensors in a single optical fiber.
TL;DR: A figure-8 dual-pump passively mode-locked fiber laser to generate square-wave pulse tunable by both width and amplitude is proposed and demonstrated.
Abstract: We have proposed and demonstrated a figure-8 dual-pump passively mode-locked fiber laser to generate square-wave pulse tunable by both width and amplitude. Just by simply adjusting the power of the pumps, both the amplitude and width of the output square-wave pulse can be tuned independently and continuously. One pump is used to tune the output pulsewidth while the other is used to tune amplitude.
TL;DR: A two-way remote optical phase comparison on optical fiber, where the fiber noise is passively canceled, and two optical frequencies are compared at the ultimate 10(-21) stability level.
Abstract: We performed a two-way remote optical phase comparison on optical fiber. Two optical frequency signals were launched in opposite directions in an optical fiber and their phases were simultaneously measured at the other end. In this technique, the fiber noise is passively canceled, and we compared two optical frequencies at the ultimate 10(-21) stability level. The experiment was performed on a 47 km fiber that is part of the metropolitan network for Internet traffic. The technique relies on the synchronous measurement of the optical phases at the two ends of the link, which is here performed by digital electronics. This scheme offers some advantages with respect to active noise cancellation schemes, as the light travels only once in the fiber.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the fiber parameters which meet the design conditions for effectively three-spatial-mode transmission and low bending loss in a ring-core fiber for mode-division multiplexing transmission.
Abstract: We investigate the fiber parameters which meet the design conditions for effectively three-spatial-mode transmission and low bending loss in a ring-core fiber for mode-division multiplexing transmission. We also clarify the effective area and the difference of the effective index while satisfying the design conditions.
TL;DR: An all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on Bi₂Se₃ topological insulator has an attractive optoelectronic property at 1μm waveband and can operate in multiple pulse state that six-pulse regime can be realized.
Abstract: We demonstrated an all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser based on Bi₂Se₃ topological insulator (TI). Different from previous TI-mode-locked fiber lasers in which TIs were mixed with film-forming agent, we used a special way to paste a well-proportioned pure TI on a fiber end-facet. In this way, the effect of the film-forming agent could be removed, thus the heat deposition was relieved and damage threshold could be improved. The modulation depth of the Bi₂Se₃ film was measured to be 5.2%. When we used the Bi₂Se₃ film in the Yb-doped fiber laser, the mode locked pulses with pulse energy of 0.756 nJ, pulse width of 46 ps and the repetition rate of 44.6 MHz were obtained. The maximum average output power was 33.7 mW. When the pump power exceeded 270 mW, the laser can operate in multiple pulse state that six-pulse regime can be realized. This contribution indicates that Bi₂Se₃ has an attractive optoelectronic property at 1μm waveband.
TL;DR: An As2S3 fiber-based supercontinuum source that covers 3500 nm, extending from near visible to the midinfrared, is successfully reported by using a 200-fs-pulsed pump with nJ-level energy at 2.5 μm.
Abstract: An As2S3 fiber-based supercontinuum source that covers 3500 nm, extending from near visible to the midinfrared, is successfully reported by using a 200-fs-pulsed pump with nJ-level energy at 2.5 μm. The main features of our fiber-based source are two-fold. On the one hand, a low-loss As2S3 microstructured optical fiber has been fabricated, with typical attenuation below 2 dB/m in the 1-4 μm wavelength range. On the other hand, a 20-mm-long microstructured fiber sample is sufficient to enable a spectral broadening, spreading from 0.6 to 4.1 μm in a 40 dB dynamic range.
TL;DR: In this article, an optical fiber magnetic field sensor was proposed by merging the advantages of magnetic fluid and a core-cladding-mode interferometer which was directly fabricated on a standard single-mode fiber by using an arc fusion splicing machine.
Abstract: We report an optical fiber magnetic field sensor by merging the advantages of magnetic fluid and a core–cladding–mode interferometer which is directly fabricated on a standard single-mode fiber by using an arc fusion splicing machine. The sensing performances of the sensors are controllable by designing the parameters of the asymmetric-tapered structure. Experimental results show that the sensor with axial offset of 168 μm and taper waist diameter of 45 μm not only has good optical properties but also a relatively high magnetic-field sensitivity of ∼162.06 pm/mT ranging from 0 to 21.4 mT. The proposed sensors would find potential applications in weak magnetic sensing fields.