Showing papers on "Emulsified fuel published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the novelty of biofuel and biofuel emulsion, for the fuelling of IC engines for experimental analysis, which is to reduce harmful engine emissions, namely, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke.
90 citations
TL;DR: It is revealed that the stability of LPO emulsion is improved by the addition of two emulsions, which has resulted in lower cylinder pressure and heat release rate compared to pure LPO and diesel fuels.
Abstract: Lemon peel oil (LPO) is considered to be a viable alternative fuel for diesel engine applications due to its wider availability, renewable nature, easy extraction process, almost equivalent calorific value as neat diesel, and low viscosity. The present work aims to investigate the effect of novel emulsified LPO in a diesel engine in order to reduce the NOx emission without compromising the engine performance. A new ionic surfactant is introduced in the present study, namely methyl-dihydroxy propyl imidazolium chloride due to its higher hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value which helps to prepare stable water in oil emulsion. Also, Span 80 has been selected as another suitable surfactant for water in oil emulsion. Four emulsified fuel samples have been prepared using LPO, water, and different concentrations of surfactants. All the fuel samples are tested for their stability through gravitational technique for 7 days. Among the emulsified samples, 92% LPO + 5% water + 2% Span 80 + 1% methyl-dihydroxy propyl imidazolium chloride by volume (LPOE2) and 93.5% LPO + 5% water + 1.5% surfactant Span 80 by volume (LPOE4) have showed better stability when compared to other emulsion fuel samples. It is also revealed that the stability of LPO emulsion is improved by the addition of two emulsions. The experimental results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of LPO emulsion is reduced to 29.87 from 34.58% of pure LPO at full load condition. Oxides of nitrogen emission and smoke emission are reduced by 21-32 and 6-15% for the LPO emulsion samples compared to pure LPO. Moreover, the diesel engine operation with emulsified form of LPO increases the HC emission about 0.1 g/kWh for LPOE4 and 0.15 g/kWh for LPOE2 fuels from 0.053 g/kW for pure LPO at maximum power output condition. The reformulation of LPO into emulsified form increases the CO emission by 25-53% compared to pure LPO. Moreover, the reformulation of LPO into emulsions has resulted in lower cylinder pressure and heat release rate compared to pure LPO and diesel fuels.
59 citations
TL;DR: The present study aims to analyze the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of water-emulsified soybean biodiesel fueled diesel engine with alumina nanoadditive and the results compared with conventional diesel fuel (BD).
Abstract: The present study is aimed to analyze the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of water-emulsified soybean biodiesel fueled diesel engine with alumina nanoadditive and the results compared with conventional diesel fuel (BD). Experiments were conducted in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, variable compression ratio, and natural aspirated diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Water-soybean biodiesel emulsion fuel was prepared using a mechanical agitator, in which the water concentration was limited to 10%, whereas soybean biodiesel (SB) and surfactant concentrations were 89% and 1% by volume respectively. Alumina (Al) was chosen as a nanoadditive, and the mass fractions of 50 ppm and 100 ppm were blended with emulsion fuel using ultrasonicator and the physicochemical properties were measured. The physicochemical properties of water-emulsified biodiesel and nanoadditive included emulsified biodiesel are at par with EN14214 limits. The in-cylinder pressure (ICP) and net heat release rate (NHR) values of SB are 5.3% and 7.2% lower than BD respectively, whereas the water inclusion significantly increases the ICP and NHR values by 6.9% and 15.9% compared to SB. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of SB is higher than BD, and brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC) is lower than BD. An inclusion of 10% water in SB improves the BSFC and BSEC by 4% and 10.6% respectively compared to SB. The Al nanoparticle inclusion in water-emulsified soybean biodiesel further improves the combustion and performance parameters. The exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of sample fuels seems to be lesser than BD due to efficient combustion. As far as the emission characteristics are concerned, the SB promotes lower level of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions with notable increases in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. An inclusion of 10% water in SB reduces the NOx, HC, CO, and smoke emission by 21.2%, 16.7%, 16.9%, and 11.8% respectively under peak brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) condition. The addition of Al nanoparticle in biodiesel emulsion fuel further reduce NOx, HC, CO, and smoke emissions and marginally increases the CO2 emission.
54 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the evolution of the droplet size distribution of the emulsion's dispersed phase and found that the dispersed droplet sizes reduced significantly after the fuel tank was compressed by the high-pressure fuel pump, and again after being injected through the nozzle's orifices.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model for predicting the superheat limit of hydrous ethanol diesel emulsions is presented, and the model is verified by the experimental results of micro-explosion in the emulsion droplets.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed experimental study was conducted to investigate the production and fuel properties of bio-oil-in-diesel microemulsion (BDM) and its emission characteristics.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental investigation of engine performance and emissions is performed on a DI diesel engine using stabilized emulsified fuels, blends of biodiesel, diethyl ether, water and diesel.
30 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used coconut shell as a biomaterial for developing into a layer through simple smashing, cleaning and stacking procedures, which not only could avoid the complexity of film making process, but also could realize efficient gravity-directed separation of both immiscible oil/water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions with high flux.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a micro-channel emulsifier, a blend of rapeseed oil in diesel fuel as continuous phase, water as dispersed phase and Sorbitan Sesquioleate as surfactant was used to obtain stable dispersed systems, classified as emulsions based on their optical appearance and dispersed droplet size.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of water vapor on the fuel side of a steady non-premixed coflow flame was evaluated by adding water vapor to the fuel stream, and temperatures and extinction limits were measured by thin-filament pyrometry (TFP) using a SiC fiber and a DSLR camera.
Abstract: The understanding of thermal and chemical effects of water addition to the fuel side of a diffusion flame is relevant for improving processes such as the combustion of methane hydrates, emulsified fuels and wet biomass, as well as for cases where water is intentionally added to the fuel stream, as for example in steam-assisted flares for the reduction of emissions. In this work, the role of water is evaluated by adding water vapor to the fuel side of a steady non-premixed coflow flame. The steady nature of the flame allows temperature profiles and extinction limits to be measured at different conditions of inlet fuel velocities, and with increasing dilution levels up to extinction. Temperatures are measured by thin-filament pyrometry (TFP) using a SiC fiber and a commercial DSLR camera. Results from Ar, N2 or CO2 diluted flames are also reported to compare the effects of water vapor with those of different diluents. Comparisons in terms of temperatures and extinction limits show close correspondence when adding equivalent levels of diluent thermal capacitance.
12 citations
TL;DR: The physiochemical properties improved by emulsifying the obtained biodiesel with 5% of water in presence of surfactant through experiments carried out based on Taguchi׳s DOE method.
TL;DR: In this paper, the micro-explosion phenomenon of emulsified fuel droplets produces a large number of small-scale droplets which, compared with neat kerosene, enhance the mixing rate and decrease the flame reaction zone.
Abstract: A homogeneous stable emulsified fuel containing 5% water, 93% kerosene and 2% surfactant (1.68% span 80 and 0.32% tween 80) was prepared. Then, the effects of the fuel on the flame structure, radiation heat flux, thermal characteristics and NOx pollutant emission of a liquid burner were investigated in lean combustion regime. Light microscopy imaging of the stable water–kerosene emulsified fuel was used to analyze the micro-explosion phenomenon of the fuel droplets. Also, based on chemiluminescence technique, a TES-1332A digital luminance meter with spectral sensitivity close to CIE photopic curve was used to determine the effect of intermediate soot and carbonaceous particles on flame emissivity coefficient. The results indicate that the micro-explosion phenomenon of emulsified fuel droplets produces a large number of small-scale droplets which, compared with neat kerosene, enhance the mixing rate and decrease the flame reaction zone. Also, although the heat absorbed by the water content of emulsified fuel decreases the flame temperature, emulsified fuel enhances the average emissivity coefficient and radiation heat flux as much as 58% and 25%, respectively. The results also demonstrate that emulsified fuel increases the yellow luminous radiation of flame, which means the concentrations of intermediate soot and carbonaceous particles in the flame have been enhanced. Furthermore, in the case of emulsified fuel, in comparison with neat kerosene, decrease in flame temperature along with increase in OH radicals by water dissociation lead to decrease in the NOx pollutant emission as much as 34%.
TL;DR: In this article, a drop of the emulsified fuel was freely dropped to a hot plate maintained at 473 K with a spuit and then the experimental results of the drop evaporation were visualized with the Schlieren system.
Abstract: This study is a basic research on the application of the mixed emulsified fuel of diesel and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the diesel engine and investigating the evaporative characteristics of the emulsified fuel. The surfactant used to mix the emulsified fuel was added by mixing the span 80 and tween 80 with a ratio of 9:1 and being fixed to 3 % of the total volume of the emulsified fuel. The mixing ratio of the emulsified fuel was selected as EF0 (Only diesel), EF2, EF12, EF22, EF32 and EF42, respectively, considering the mixing ratio of the surfactant. To analyze the evaporative characteristics of the emulsified fuel in accordance with the mixing ratio, a drop of the emulsified fuel was freely dropped to a hot plate maintained at 473 K with a spuit and then the experimental results of the drop evaporation were visualized with the Schlieren system. Then, the quantitative image analysis of the images was introduced and it could be found that droplet evaporation was promoted according to the increase of the hydrogen peroxide in the emulsified fuel. Also, numerical analysis was performed with modeling for micro droplets in the fuel based on the experimental result, and promoted-fuel evaporation was reproduced due to the microexplosion of evaporative characteristics of emulsified fuel in accordance with the increase of the mixing ratio of hydrogen peroxide. Also, for quantitative analysis of experimental results, entropy analysis based on statistical thermodynamics was carried out. Consequently, in the case of the application of emulsified fuel to the diesel engine, it is expected to simultaneously decrease the Soot and NOx generation by speedily mixture formation and the latent heat of evaporation of the emulsified fuel in the cylinder.
TL;DR: In this paper, the combination of emulsified fuel and the gaseous fuels showed a simultaneous improvement in the thermal efficiency and reduction of NOx emissions in bifuel engines.
Abstract: The emission norms of diesel engines are turned more stringent due to continuous increasing of environmental pollutants. Thus, global researchers explore to reduce emissions from diesel engines by fulfilling the performance parameters. The major emissions in the diesel engines are the NOx emissions due to the higher combustion temperatures. Generally, dual fuel engines play a vital role in regulating both emission and performance parameters. Diesel engines are converted to dual fuel mode by using the various techniques such as blend, fumigation, and emulsion. Among these, water-diesel emulsion (WiDE) also can lessen the emissions of NOx and other pollutants promptly. It is observed that the combination of emulsified fuel and the gaseous fuels showed a simultaneous improvement in the thermal efficiency and reduction of NOx emissions. Various emulsion preparation techniques and effects of different gaseous fuels used with emulsified fuels in bifuel engines have been reviewed in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of water/biosolar emulsion fuel on the performance of engine diesel used in small capacity diesel engines was analyzed in accordance with IMO marine engine regulation tier 3.
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of water/biosolar emulsion fuel on the performance of engine diesel used in small capacity diesel engines. The fuel used is a mixture of biosolar 20% which is added 10% and 15% water (b20,WDE 10%, WDE 15%) which will be compared with dexlite fuel and biodiesel 20% (b20). Measurement of engine performance with various fuels was carried out in accordance with IMO marine engine regulation tier 3. The water-emulsified diesel could be used in the light-duty small diesel engine without modifications. The result shows that the net diesel fuel consumption and the exhaust gas temperature decreased with increasing water content of fuels over the investigated loading range. Performance produced by DWE 10% and 15% will been reduce Power, and Torque at each RPM. In detail, DWE 10% has better results than the DWE 15%. In the NOx emission test results, the use of water/biodiesel emulsified fuels 10% and 15% can reduce NOx emissions.
01 May 2018
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The characteristics of water-in-diesel emulsion is strongly related to the amount of water added to the fuel, type and amount of surfactant used, and the emulsification technique.
Abstract: The characteristics of water-in-diesel emulsion is strongly related to the amount of water added to the fuel, type and amount of surfactant used, and the emulsification technique. The characteristics include the emulsified fuel stability, density, kinematic viscosity and water droplet sizes. These characteristics on the other hand, affect the occurance of microexplosion during fuel atomization process which has a beneficial effect on the formation of emissions. This chapter provides an example of how the emulsified fuel was produced and the characteristics of various water-in-diesel emulsion blends, as compared to diesel fuel.