Showing papers on "Foeniculum published in 2016"
TL;DR: Phenolic compounds isolated from F. vulgare are considered to be responsible for its antioxidant activity while the volatile aroma compounds make it an excellent flavouring agent.
263 citations
TL;DR: Overall, parsley presented the best antioxidant profile, given its highest % of inhibition of DPPH radical and FRAP, but had a pro-oxidative behavior by TBARS.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to (i) determine the chemical composition of the essential oils of three spices widely cultivated in Spain from organic growth: Foeniculum vulgare, Petroselium crispum, and Lavandula officinalis; (ii) determine the total phenolic content; (iii) determine the antioxidant activity of the essentials oils by means of three different antioxidant tests and (iv) determine the effectiveness of these essentials oils on the inhibition of Listeria innocua CECT 910 and Pseudomonas fluorescens CECT 844. There is a great variability in the chemical composition of the essential oils. Parsley had the highest phenolic content. Overall, parsley presented the best antioxidant profile, given its highest % of inhibition of DPPH radical (64.28%) and FRAP (0.93 mmol/L Trolox), but had a pro-oxidative behavior by TBARS. Lavender essential oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against L. innocua (>13 mm of inhibition at 20–40 μL oil in the discs), followed by parsley with an inhibition zone of 10 mm (when more than 5 μL oil in the discs), and fennel 10 mm (when more than 40 μL oil in the discs). P. fluorescens was not inhibited by the tested essential oils.
68 citations
TL;DR: Fennel F. Moravsky is a high-growth genotype that provides a high yield of above-ground biomass that can be used with a benefit to obtain EOs utilizable for the development and production of botanical insecticides.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was identified in the methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare.
Abstract: Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of seeds extract from methanol. The phytochemical compound screened by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Fifty six bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular formula, MS Fragment- ions and Pharmacological actions. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of F. vulgare seeds proved the presence of alkenes, aliphatic fluoro compounds, alcohols, ethers, carboxlic acids, esters, nitro compounds, alkanes, hydrogen bonded alcohols and phenols.
Key words: Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS), bioactive compounds, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Foeniculum vulgare.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this study, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiglycation properties of methanolic extracts of 23 fennel samples were evaluated and their major compounds were determined using HPLC analysis.
47 citations
TL;DR: "functionalization type" factor did not show a significant effect on the nutritional parameters, as confirmed in the linear discriminant analysis, and samples functionalized with microencapsulated extracts showed higher antioxidant activity after the 7th day, demonstrating that the main purpose of this experimental work was achieved.
34 citations
TL;DR: Though application of all the PSB isolates resulted into increased essential oil yield as compared to control but Bacillus subtilis NRCSS-II (PSB-36) resulted into enhanced seed yield and essential oil both.
30 citations
TL;DR: Hydro-alcoholic fennel seed extract at these doses could reduce reproductivity and has anti-fertility activity in male rats.
Abstract: Introduction: The study aimed to investigate the anti-fertility effect of fennel (Foeniculim vulgare Mill) seed extract in male rats.Material and Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups. The control group received distilled water and the experimental groups were orally administered 1 ml of hydro-alcoholic extract of fennel seed in four doses of 35, 70, 140, and 280 mg/kg/b.w. daily for 60 days. After the last gavage, the rats were anaesthetised and the caudal part of the right epididymis was used for sperm counting. After fixation of the testes, microscopic sections were prepared and histological changes were evaluated.Results: The number of spermatogonia after doses of 140 and 280 mg/kg and Sertoli cells after a dose of 140 mg/kg decreased significantly as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The number of primary spermatocytes and sperm count decreased significantly in the experimental groups (70, 140, and 280 mg/kg) when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, thickening of the basement membrane, cell apoptosis, and irregular arrangement of the germinal epithelium were observed in the experimental groups.Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic fennel seed extract at these doses could reduce reproductivity and has anti-fertility activity in male rats.
26 citations
TL;DR: All three oils had sublethal effects on Spodoptera frugiperda; however, the oil of O. gratissimum showed the best results at all doses tested, suggesting that these essential oils may have promise for control of S. frug Piperda.
Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major pest of maize, Zea mays L. Its control is often achieved through repeated applications per season of insecticides, which may lead to adverse effects on the ecosystem. Thus, the study of alternative methods with less environmental impact has expanded to include the use of essential oils. These oils are products of the secondary metabolism in plants, and their insecticidal activity has been widely demonstrated in populations of many pest insects. This study evaluated the insecticidal activities of essential oils from Eucalyptus staigeriana, Ocimum gratissimum, and Foeniculum vulgare on Spodoptera frugiperda. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profiles and contact toxicity of these oils as well as their sublethal effects on larvae and reproductive parameters in adults were evaluated. All three oils had sublethal effects on S. frugiperda; however, the oil of O. gratissimum showed the best results at all doses tested. These essential oils may have promise for control of S. frugiperda.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the essential oils of the seed of three organically grown cultivars of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum, feniculum vulgare v. dulce, and fenomiculumvulgares var. vulgares) were examined for their chemical compositions, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
Abstract: Essential oils of the seed of three organically grown cultivars of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum, Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce, and Foeniculumvulgare var. vulgare) were examined for their chemical compositions, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oils revealed the presence of eighteen major monoterpenoids in all three cultivars. However, significant differences were observed among percentages of the components. trans-Anethole (61% for azoricum), estragole (57% for vulgare), fenchone (13% for dulce), and limonene (28% for dulce) were highly abundant in all of the examined oils. Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and metal-chelating assays. Essential oils from the azoricum and dulce cultivars were more effective antioxidants than those from the vulgare cultivar. Antimicrobial activities of essential oils were measured against two sp...
24 citations
TL;DR: It is possible to enhance seed germination and seedling growth of fennel using priming and dormancy breaking techniques, which is useful for the increased production of fenna under different conditions, and results indicate that bio and hydropriming techniques were among the most effective ones.
Abstract: Reduced seed germination is among the most important factors adversely affecting crop stand and subsequent plant growth. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is an important medicinal plant with poor seed germination rate, occasionally. It is accordingly pertinent to find methods which can enhance fennel seed germination and remove the barriers of dormancy breaking. The present experiments studied the effects of two different priming (cold moist stratification and osmopriming) and 14 dormancy breaking techniques (hormonal, osmopriming, biopriming, chemical priming, and hydropriming) on the seed germination and seedling growth of two different fennel genotypes under growth chamber conditions. In the first and second experiment, the priming techniques including the time lengths of cold moist stratification (0, 15, 30, and 45 days) and the concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000, osmopriming at −0.99, −1.35, and −2.33 MPa) were used as the main plots. However, in both experiments, the dormancy breaking techniques and fennel genotypes were factorially combined and used as the subplots. Different seed- and seedling-related parameters including germination (%), plumule, radicle and seedling length, average germination time, rate and homogeneity of germination, and seed vigor index were determined. Both priming techniques were efficient on the enhancement of seed germination and seedling growth. Among the dormancy breaking techniques, Aminol Forte (biopriming), kadostim (biopriming), benzyl adenine + kinetin (biopriming), distilled water (hydropriming), gibberellin + kinetin (hormonal priming), and benzyl adenine + kinetin + gibberellin (biopriming) were the most effective ones. The related concentrations were equal to 100 mg/l, 10−5 M, and 0.4 %. The fennel genotypes reacted significantly different under priming conditions. It is possible to enhance seed germination and seedling growth of fennel using priming and dormancy breaking techniques, which is useful for the increased production of fennel under different conditions. The results indicate that bio and hydropriming techniques were among the most effective ones, which significantly increased seed germination and seedling growth, and removed the seed dormancy barriers.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that the fruits extract of F. vulgare and its active constituent, TA, provide a possible novel approach for treating and preventing UV-induced melanogenesis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated chemical compositions, antibacterial properties and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of essential oil and methanol and ethanol extracts of Feoniculum vulgare.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate chemical compositions, antibacterial properties and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of essential oil and methanol and ethanol extracts of Feoniculum vulgare. Antimicrobial properties of Feoniculum vulgare essential oil and extracts against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and yeast were determined by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory of concentration. The chemical composition of essential oil was characterized using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of EOs analysis indicated that there are different compounds in EO giving it different characteristics. According to the results, EO and each extracts has a different potential to inhibit the growth of microorganism. Protective effects of essential oil and methanol and ethanol extract of fennel in stabilizing olive oil were tested, compared to synthetic antioxidants, by measuring their peroxide values (PV) and p-anisidine value during accelerated storage. Results indica...
TL;DR: Results revealed that inbreeding led to increase in the secretary ducts number as well as essential oil yield in all fennel populations, suggesting that self pollination can produce lead to the populations with higher amount of secondary metabolites.
Abstract: The production of self pollinated plant genotypes could be critical for improving medicinal plants. Pollination in Apiaceae family can also affect secondary metabolites. In this study, 23 fennel populations were used to assess the effect of self pollination on essential oil yield, antioxidant activity (based on three model system), total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC). First, some plant inflorescences were divided in two parts. Then the half was bagged and the second half was permitted for out crossing. The self and outcross pollinated seeds were sown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates. Results revealed that inbreeding led to increase in the secretary ducts number (9.36%) as well as essential oil yield (25.61%) in all fennel populations. Essential oil yield ranged from 2.4% to 6.4% in seeds produced via out crossing, while it varied from 3.5% to 6.5% in self pollinated ones. Furthermore, self pollination increased TPC (21.66%), TFC (49.40%) and antioxidant activity (6.23%). Among the populations derived from self pollinated seeds Tabriz showed the highest TFC (8.4 mgQUEg -1 DW) and antioxidant activity (IC 50 =83.1μg/ml), whereas Semirom possessed the highest TPC (150 mgTAEg -1 DW), respectively. In overall, self pollination can produce lead to the populations with higher amount of secondary metabolites.
TL;DR: In this article, the response of fennel to foliar applied Fe under contrasting moisture conditions was examined and the mitigative effect of Fe tended to be more notable on the drought-stricken plants for a majority of the traits.
Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the response of fennel to foliar applied Fe under contrasting moisture conditions. Twelve fennel genotypes were subjected to two levels of irrigation (irrigation after 35 and 85 % depletion of available soil water) and two levels of Fe solution (0 and 4 g kg−1). Plants subjected to drought showed notable reductions in leaf chlorophyll a (Chl a), Chl b, relative water content (RWC), water potential (ψw), carotenoids, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), seed yield and plant dry mass (DM). Though, drought-treated plants indicated notable increases in proline concentration, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities and seed essential oil concentration. Genotypic variations for DM and grain yield were consistent with differences among the genotypes in ψw, RWC, proline, Chl a and Chl b concentrations. Fe led to significant increases in APX and SOD activities and carotenoids, Chl a and Chl b concentrations. The mitigative effect of Fe tended to be more notable on the drought-stricken plants for a majority of the traits. From our findings, Fe could be appreciated as a micronutrient effective in ameliorating at least in part the stressful effects of drought on plants.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of enzyme pre-treatment on extraction yield and quality of volatile oil of fennel seeds were evaluated using various enzymes viz., Celluclast, Pectinex, Viscozyme and Protease.
Abstract: The effect of enzyme pre-treatment on extraction yield and quality of volatile oil of fennel seeds were evaluated using various enzymes viz., Celluclast, Pectinex, Viscozyme and Protease. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies were conducted to visualize the effect of these enzymes on fennel seed cell walls. The quality of the oil was further evaluated using Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). The enzyme pre-treatment resulted in an increase in yield of oil in the range of 11–22.5% as compared to the control sample. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed a marked difference between the structures of fennel seeds treated with enzymes than the non-treated seeds. GC–MS studies revealed that the flavor composition of the fennel oil remains unchanged even after pre-treatment. From an economic perspective, the results of the present study could be used effectively in the spice industry to increase the extraction yield of volatile oil from fennel seeds.
TL;DR: Hairy root induction in Agastache foeniculum using A. rhizogenes, rosmarinic acid content and the effect of different culture media and inoculation methods on hairy root growth rate were investigated.
Abstract: Agrobacterium rhizogenes is known as a natural tool of genetic engineering in many plant species. For the first time, hairy root induction in Agastache foeniculum using A. rhizogenes , rosmarinic acid content and the effect of different culture media and inoculation methods on hairy root growth rate were investigated. Hairy root culture of A. foeniculum was established by inoculation of the 1-month-old leaf explant with A4 strain of A. rhizogenes and the effectiveness of light – dark conditions and two inoculation methods (immersion and injection) were tested. Furthermore, in immersion method, the effects of inoculation time (3, 5 and 7 min) on root induction were investigated. In the second part of the study, the hairy root culture of A. foeniculum was studied using different basal culture media (MS, 1/2 MS and B5). Rosmarinic acid content in hairy roots and non- transformed roots was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There was no significant difference between various inoculation methods in the ability of hairy roots induction. Observations showed that percentage of hairy root induction was higher when the explants were immersed for 5 min in bacterial suspension. Light conditions displayed the highest hairy root induction rates compared with dark condition. Various culture media are different in terms of types and amounts of nutrients and have influence on growth rate. The maximum growth rate (1.61 g fr wt/50 ml) of hairy roots were obtained in 1/2 MS medium. Rosmarinic acid content in transformed roots (213.42 µg/g dry wt) was significantly higher than non-transformed roots (52.28 µg/ g dry wt).
TL;DR: All the plants can be considered naturally potent larvicidal and pupicidal agents against C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and F. vulgare had the highest knock-down or lethal effects on the adult mosquito.
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal and insecticidal activities of Cosmos bipinnatus , Foenuculum vulgare and Tagetes minuta leaf extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Methods: The leaves of the plants were extracted with distilled water, ethanol (95 %), and hexane and the extracts screened for their phytochemical profile. While larvicidal and pupicidal activities were assayed at concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 10 mg/mL, insecticidal property was tested at varying amounts (0.25 - 2 g) of the plant sample. The respective larval mortality was thereafter evaluated using Probit analysis. Results: Saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids were detected in the plant extracts. The ethanol extracts of F. vulgare , T. minuta and C. bipinnatus exhibited larvicidal activity half-maximal lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 0.10, 1.17 and 1.18 mg/mL, followed by hexane extracts with LC 50 value of 1.03, 1.01 and 1.27 mg/mL, respectively, against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus mosquito. Hexane extracts displayed pupicidal activity with LC 50 of 1.07, 1.12 and 1.16 mg/mL against F. vulgare , T. minuta and C. bipinnatus , respectively, while the ethanol extracts of T. minuta , C. bipinnatus and F. vulgare displayed pupicidal activity at LC 50 of 1.11, 1.14 and 1.31 mg/mL respectively, against pupa of C. quinquefasciatus mosquito. The aqueous extracts had no ( p > 0.05) lethal effects on both larvae and pupa of C. quinquefasciatus at all evaluated concentrations. F. vulgare had the highest (p 0.05) knock-down or lethal effects on the adult mosquito. Conclusion: C. bipinnatus , F. vulgare and T. minuta possess larvicidal and pupicidal properties against C. quinquefasciatus , whereas only F. vulgare and T. minuta displayed insecticidal properties. Consequent upon these findings, all the plants can be considered naturally potent larvicidal and pupicidal agents against C. quinquefasciatus. Keywords: Cosmos bipinnatus , Culex quinquefasciatus , Botanical insecticides, Knock-down effect, Larvicidal, Pupicidal, Insecticidal, Foeniculum vulgare , Tagetes minuta
TL;DR: It is suggested that the fennel essential oil inhalation ameliorates beta-amyloid (1-42)-induced anxiety and depression in laboratory rats and may have potential clinical applications in the management ofxiety and depression related to AD conditions.
TL;DR: The fruit essential oils of 23 Iranian and European sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill) samples were investigated for essential oil yield and chemical composition as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The fruit essential oils of 23 Iranian and European sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) samples were investigated for essential oil yield and chemical composition. The essential oil yield varie...
TL;DR: The result of this study indicated that fennels and exercise could reduce the severity of premenstrual syndrome, and fennel extract and exercise together seem to be more effective on symptoms of anxiety and depression compared with using them alone.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) belong to Apiaceae family has been used in traditional medicine for many therapeutic purposes and its therapeutic effects than its nutritive and industrial effects are overviewed.
Abstract: Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) belong to Apiaceae family has been used in traditional medicine for many therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to overview its therapeutic effects than its nutritive and industrial effects. This review article was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases .The initial search strategy identified about 114 references. In this study,39studies was accepted for further screening and met all our inclusion criteria [in English, full text, therapeutic effects of Foeniculum vulgare L and dated mainly from the year 1985 to 2016.The search terms were “Foeniculum vulgare L.”, “therapeutic properties”, “pharmacological effects”. It is commonly used for its anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antimicrobialand antimycobacterial, antioxidant effects. It was said to be good for insomnia and dyssomina. Foeniculum vulgare l is a rich plant .although in many studies, its anti-microbial activities were confirmed, more studies are still needed to verify its potent effect.
30 May 2016
TL;DR: The results suggest cytoprotective, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of TFG and FV leaf extracts which may be used in the form of dietary component and also in formulations against liver diseases.
Abstract: Objective: Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG), is used to treat diabetes, liver and spleen diseases, whereas Foeniculum vulgare (FV), is used to cure liver disorder, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, aging etc. in Ayurvedic system. Both plants have variety of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial activities etc. The present study was carried out to explore and compare the hepatoprotective activities of ethanolic extracts of mature TFG and FV leaf against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced cell death in primary rat hepatocytes. Methods: Hepatocytes were isolated from liver of overnight fasted rat after subjecting it to two stage collagenase perfusion with HEPES {4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid} buffer. Only preparations with cell viability greater than 95% were used for subsequent experiments. Cell viability was determined by MTT {3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide} assay, whereas hepatoprotective activities of plant extracts were determined by estimation of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, lipid peroxidation, total glutathione content and nitric oxide release against t-BHP induced oxidative stress. Results: Treatment of TFG and FV leaf extracts (1.0 to 7.5 μg) significantly reduced the impact of t-BHP (250 μM) induced toxicity. TFG and FV leaf extracts showed 2.3 and 2.7 fold (P<0.001) increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, 3.4 fold and 2.2 fold (P<0.001) increase in catalase (CAT) activity at concentration of 5 μg whereas maximum glutathione (GSH) content was restored at concentration of 2.5 μg and 5.0 μg, respectively as compared to stressed cells. Both the leaf extracts were found to decrease the lipid peroxidation (P<0.001) and inhibit NO release (P<0.001) at concentration of 5.0 μg in cells as compared to stressed cells. Conclusion: The results suggest cytoprotective, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of TFG and FV leaf extracts which may be used in the form of dietary component and also in formulations against liver diseases.
TL;DR: The first attempt made to quantify the beneficial effects of fennel’s ( Foeniculum vulgare ) beverage prepared “in house conditions” as well as to define the best boiling time among 1, 3 and 5 min.
31 Mar 2016
TL;DR: Results of this study show that A. galangal essential oil and its major constituents may serve as an environmental friendly agent of a promising natural nematicide to control Meloidogyne spp.
Abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of natural nematicides for the control of root-knot nematode in strawberry greenhouses, commercial essential oils were examined by 24-well culture plate bioassay for their nematicidal activities against second-stage juveniles and eggs of Meloidogyne hapla. Based on the mortality of M. hapla juveniles at a concentration of 125 μg/mL, the most active essential oil was Alpinia galanga (100%), followed by Carum carbi (22.3%), Eugenia caryophyllata (9.4%), Cinnamonum zeylanicum (7.2%), Mentha pulegium (2.4%), and Foeniculum vulgare (2.1%). Moreover, A. galanga significantly reduced hatching at 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. The volatile constituents identified in the A. galangal oil were methyl cinnamate (87.4%), 1,8-cineole (4.4%), β-pinene (2.5%), α-pinene (2.2%), and p-cymene (1.1%), as major constituents. Results of this study show that A. galangal essential oil and its major constituents may serve as an environmental friendly agent of a promising natural nematicide to control Meloidogyne spp.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The medicinal plants that are used as hematopoietic according to the main references of the Iranian traditional medicine are reported to be bioactive and antioxidant components that either have iron or affect the body's mechanisms and cause he matopoiesis.
Abstract: Anemia is a very common public health problem which has recently been spread in both developed and developing countries Anemia causes wanness, tachycardia, tinnitus, headache, irritability, weakness, and a number of nonspecific complaints Many of the plants can be used as hematopoietic This article is to report the medicinal plants that are used as hematopoietic according to the main references of the Iranian traditional medicine For this purpose, the related articles were retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Islamic World Science Citation Center, and Magiran by the search terms consisting of anemia, hematopoietic, ethnobotany, medicinal plants, Iran, and traditional medicine According to the findings of this study, Raphanus sativus, Oriyganum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Petroselinum crispum, Allium sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Spinacia oleracea L, Phaseolus vulgaris, Prunus armeniaca, Matricaria chamomilla, Cucumis melo varinodorus, Rheum officinale, Cucumis melo, Ficus carica, Citrus latifolia, Solanum tuberosum L, Ananas comosus, Solanum lycopersicum, Brassica rapa, Daucus carota, Urtica dioica, and Centaurea cyanus were found to be hematopoietic plants These plants contain bioactive and antioxidant components that either have iron or affect the body's mechanisms and cause hematopoiesis
TL;DR: The results showed that essential oils have toxicity both aphids and the highest deterrence effect was related to Fennel essential oil on B. brassica.
Abstract: Nowadays, usage of pesticides is one of the primary methods in aphids control and have an important role in pest control, but improper use of them are causing adverse effects on non-target organisms and the environment. Essential oils due to volatility and very short-term persistence in the environment, as biocompatible pesticides can be considered as one of the alternatives to chemical pesticides in aphid’s control. This study was conducted to determine the insecticidal activity and nymph production deterrent of three essential oils from Savory, Satureja isophylla Rech., Cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. and Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. against Brevicoryne brassica L. and the black aphid, Aphis fabae Scop. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions 25 ± 2°C, 65 ± 5% RH and 16L:8D photoperiods. Mortality was evaluated at different concentrations that ranging from 0.71 to 282.35 μL/L air, and with 6 replications at the interim of 24 hours. The results showed that essential oils hav...
TL;DR: Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was applied as a rapid method for the discrimination of the spices and traditional medicines cumin, caraway, and fennel and it was found that a marker compound can be assigned to each species that can identify unambiguously these plants.
Abstract: Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was applied as a rapid method for the discrimination of the spices and traditional medicines cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), caraway (Carum carvi L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). The seeds of these plants were analyzed without sample preparation by DART ion source coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) tandem mass spectrometry. The relatively clean DART spectra showed characteristic patterns, fingerprints, for each herb. It was found that a marker compound can be assigned to each species that can identify unambiguously these plants. Principal component analysis has also been used to analyze the DART-MS data of these seed herbs. Crispanone, carvone, and fenchone are the dominant compounds in the positive DART spectra of cumin, caraway, and fennel, respectively. Crispanone was first time identified as a constituent of cumin. Furthermore, the collision-induced dissociation (CID) behavior of the [M+NH4]+ ion of crispanone was also described.
TL;DR: Ninety one fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) germplasm lines collected from various geographical locations in India were evaluated for their essential oil content and its composition.
Abstract: Ninety one fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) germplasm lines collected from various geographical locations in India were evaluated for their essential oil content and its composition. Essential oil content ranged from 1.0 to 3.3%. Maximum lines had 2–3% essential oil. In all the germplasm lines eleven major compounds including α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, cymene, γ-terpinene, 4-allyl anisole/methyl chavicol or estragol, anethole, geranyl acetate and p-anisaldehyde were detected . Anethole was most abundant compound in all fennel germplasm lines which ranged from a minimum of 9.15% to a maximum of 96.64% with an average of 44.33%.Another predominant compound observed in essential oil of fennel germplasm lines was 4-allyl anisole/methyl chavicol or estragol, content of which ranged between 2.04 to 83.01%. A group of terpenoids consisting of α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, cymene and γ-terpinene accounted for 0.18 to 18.66% of essential oil of which γ-terpinene was contributed from a...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Fennel is a plant species in the genus Foeniculum that is highly aromatic and flavorful herb with culinary and medicinal uses, and is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe.
Abstract: Introduction atural remedies and herbal medicines are cost-effective methods of disease treatment (1,2) Nowadays herbal medicines are good alternative to chemical drugs, one of the major reason for this is low side effect (3,4). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of populations in developing countries rely on traditional medicines, mostly herbal medicines for their primary health care needs (5). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an example of a disease that has been treated with herbal medicines (6). DM prevalence is increasing rapidly in most parts of the world (7). In 1995, the WHO reported, 150 million persons worldwide suffer from DM, and may be double by 2025 (8). Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) is one of the important spices that cure many diseases. Fennel is a plant species in the genus Foeniculum. It is highly aromatic and flavorful herb with culinary and medicinal uses, and is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe. It is a hardy, perennial, umbelliferous herb, with yellow flowers and feathery leaves, grow wild in most part of Europe, but are generally N 1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.