Showing papers on "Murraya published in 2016"
TL;DR: The new compound murrayakonine A (), O-methylmurrayamine A () and mukolidine () were proven to be the most active, efficiently inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 release in a dose-dependent manner and showing decreased LPS induced TNF/IL-6 production in human PBMCs.
Abstract: In our present study, four new, designated as murrayakonine A–D (1–4), along with 18 known carbazole alkaloids were isolated from CHCl3 : MeOH (1 : 1) crude extracts of the stems and leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng. The structures of the all isolated compounds were characterized by analysis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR (1D and 2D spectroscopy) results, and comparison of their data with the literature data. For the first time, all the isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities, using both in vitro and in vivo experiments, against the key inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6. The new compound murrayakonine A (1), O-methylmurrayamine A (13) and mukolidine (18) were proven to be the most active, efficiently inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 release in a dose-dependent manner and showing decreased LPS induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in human PBMCs. Furthermore, all the isolates were screened for their antimicrobial potential, and the compounds girinimbine (12) (IC50 3.4 μM) and 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde (19) (IC50 10.9 μM) displayed potent inhibitory effects against Bacillus cereus. Furthermore, compounds murrayamine J (7) (IC50 11.7 μM) and koenimbine (14) (IC50 17.0 μM) were active against Staphylococcus aureus. However, none of the compounds were found to be active against Escherichia coli or Candida albicans.
49 citations
TL;DR: The findings of the present study suggest that native rutaceous host plants can serve as host plants and thus affect D. citri population dynamics and the epidemiology of Huanglongbing, the deadly citrus greening disease whose pathogen is vectored by D.citri.
Abstract: The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, a vector of citrus huanglongbing, is now present in all citrus-producing states in the USA and Mexico. In addition to citrus, the insect can reproduce on several other plant species in the Rutaceae family; orange jasmine (Murraya spp.) and curry leaf (Bergera koenigii) are among its preferred hosts. There are several indigenous Rutaceae species in North America, and some are popular ornamentals. A study was therefore initiated to determine the suitability of some of these plants for feeding and development of the psyllid in choice and no-choice experiments. D. citri was found to reproduce successfully on Choisya ternata, C. arizonica and Helietta parvifolia in no-choice tests, but preferentially selected orange jasmine and curry leaf for feeding and reproduction, in choice tests. On Amyris madrensis, A. texana and Zanthoxylum fagara, adult psyllids laid eggs which hatched, but no successful nymphal development was recorded beyond the first instars. No oviposition was recorded on Esenbeckia berlandieri, Ptelea trifoliata and Casimiroa tetrameria, although adult psyllids were able to survive on these species for several days. Results showed that C. ternata, C. arizonica and H. parvifolia can serve host plants of D. citri and this constitutes the first report of these plants serving as host for D. citri. The findings of the present study suggest that native rutaceous host plants can serve as host plants and thus affect D. citri population dynamics and the epidemiology of Huanglongbing, the deadly citrus greening disease whose pathogen is vectored by D. citri. Thus, area-wide management of this pest also should target these riparian habitats where these host plants are present with D. citri biological control agents for sustainable management of this pest.
29 citations
TL;DR: Four new alkenes (1-4), and six known compounds (5-12) were isolated from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and references.
24 citations
TL;DR: Findings show that muralatin L specifically activates TRPV1 and reverses inflammatory pain, thus highlighting the potential of coumarin derivatives from Murraya plants for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications such as pain therapy.
21 citations
TL;DR: The cytotoxic and proteasome-inhibitory potential of a total alkaloid extract from M. koenigii leaves in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was tested and the TAE and mahanine preferentially inhibited the trypsin-like, but not the chymotrypsIn-like proteolytic activity of the proteasomes.
Abstract: Murraya koenigii (curry tree) leaves are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins. Alkaloids from M. koenigii leaves have antianalgesic, antiulcerogenic, an...
15 citations
TL;DR: The methanolic leaf extract of M. koenigii significantly inhibited the major virulence factors of Candida albicans, such as biofilm formation, yeast-to-hyphal transition, cell surface hydrophobicity, hemolysin production and filamentation.
Abstract: In this study, anti-infective potential of the medicinal plant Murraya koenigii was assessed through in vitro assays and microscopic analysis. The methanolic leaf extract of M. koenigii significantly inhibited the major virulence factors of Candida albicans, such as biofilm formation, yeast-to-hyphal transition, cell surface hydrophobicity, hemolysin production and filamentation. Further purification and molecular characterization of the active lead is expected to give a novel anticandidal agent for the treatment of Candida infection.
10 citations
TL;DR: Hydro-alcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves possesses significant anti-diarrheal activity due to its inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal motility, making it useful for a wide number of gastrointestinal diseases.
Abstract: Background: The indigenous medical system of India mentions the use of Murraya koenigii leaves for the treatment of different types of diarrheas over ages. Objective: To evaluate the anti-diarrheal activity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of leaves of Murraya koenigii and to check its effects on intestinal transits in experimental rat model. Materials and methods: The hydro-alcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves was obtained with Soxhlet extraction method. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 6) receiving daily for three consecutive days: vehicle, standard drug atropine (3mg/kg, i.p.), leaf extracts 200 & 400 mg/kg respectively in oral route. Effects of the drugs on normal defecation were noted and then castor oil induced diarrhea was used to measure the effects of leaf extract on stool frequency and consistency. Finally, charcoal meal test was used to evaluate the effect of the extract on intestinal transit. Statistical evaluation was done using SPSS version 17, one way ANOVA followed by ...
9 citations
TL;DR: This review updates the facts and phenomena related to the bioactive compounds in curry plant along with their biological activities, due to the web-based search on the topic in SCI and non-SCI journals.
Abstract: This communication states the biological activities, phytochemical spectrum, medicinal properties, and nutritional potentiality of curry plant, Murraya koenigii L. (Family: Rutaceae). The M. koenigii is a valued dietary plant used as spice since the ancient times for its characteristic aroma, and in medicine because of its possession of several bioactive compounds with health promoting properties. Curry leaves are rich source of natural antioxidant substances such as tocopherol, β‑carotene, lutein, flavonoids, and phenolics. The extracts and essential oil of the plant exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities. The curry leaves possess potential anticancer activities because of their strong antioxidative properties in various systems. The nutritional potentiality contained in the plant includes minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. Additional information on the bioactive components in M. koenigii will help evaluate the health benefits from this functional food plant, and thus, this review updates the facts and phenomena related to the bioactive compounds in curry plant along with their biological activities, due to the web‑based search on the topic in SCI and non‑SCI journals.
8 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: The observed anticancer activity of Murraya koenigii may be due to its antioxidant potential, and extracts and fractions of MK were found to possess significant antioxidant activity.
6 citations
TL;DR: Only the chloroform fraction had highest antimicrobial activity with maximum phytochemicals, further investigation needed to ascertain its safety and use in drug development.
Abstract: Murraya koenigii L. (M.koenigii) is a spice herb and a medicinal plant, well known for its numerous biological activities. In the present research work, different solvent fractions from shoots of M.koenigii were analyzed for their antimicrobial activity alongwith FTIR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of different M.koenigii shoot fractions was checked against different standard bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli (E.coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) alongwith antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C. albicans) respectively. Among all the tested solvent fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, chloroform and water) chloroform fraction resulted maximum potent inhibitory effect against B. cereus and K. pneumoniae with maximum zones of inhibition, 15.5mm and 15.0mm alongwith inhibition zone of 12.75mm diameter against C. albicans respectively. The phytochemical analysis of M.koenigii solvent fractions showed the presence of alkanes, amines, phenols and carboxylic acid by using FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of highest phytochemical contents in chloroform fraction among all the tested fractions that is directly related to antimicrobial activity. Only the chloroform fraction had highest antimicrobial activity with maximum phytochemicals, further investigation needed to ascertain its safety and use in drug development.
TL;DR: It was concluded that supplementation of Aegle marmelos and Murraya Koenigii can infl uence the growth processes of LF by the attainment of dominance, accelerated growth rate, preovulatory size and the process of ovulation.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to study the effect of Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii on the follicular development in delayed pubertal Sahiwal heifers. A total of 14 anoestrus Sahiwal heifers with a mean age of 32.85 ± 0.86 months and were divided in to two groups viz. Group-1 (G-1) (n=8) and Group-2 (G-2) (n=6). Heifers in G-1 were treated with shade dried grinded leaves in combination in concentrate mixture for 9 days after dose extrapolation from the effective 50% ethanolic extract dose in rats (i.e. 1000 mg/ Kg b. wt.) showing optimum ovarian function. Heifers in G-2 were not given any treatment. All the heifers were monitored by a trans-rectal USG scanner in alternate day for 10 occasions. At pretreatment, the difference in the mean number of total follicles and diameter of Largest follicles (LFs) between the groups remained (P>0.05) similar. However, on herb supplementation, the mean size of LFs (12.8 mm) increased (P<0.001) signifi cantly as compared to control (8.70 mm). The growth rate of LF was faster (P< 0.05) in herbs treated (0.55 mm/day) than control (0.25 mm/day) heifers. The mean number of total follicles prior to treatment and each day of scanning remained similar between the groups (P> 0.05). Results revealed that in the delayed pubertal heifers, the follicular development continues and the number of total follicles at any day remained constant. It was concluded that supplementation of Aegle marmelos and Murraya Koenigii can infl uence the growth processes of LF by the attainment of dominance, accelerated growth rate, preovulatory size and the process of ovulation.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Ethanolic bark extract showed the significant anti-bacterial activity against most tested microbes, and the most susceptible micro-organism was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter aerogenes.
Abstract: Aim of the study is to evaluate the Anti-Microbial activity of Murraya Koenigii. It is an aromatic more or less deciduous shrub or a small tree. It shares the aromatic nature. It is a plant which has important uses in traditional system of medicine. Leaves are used internally in dysentery also checking vomiting. Steam distillate of the leaves can be used as stomachic & purgative and bark powder is used as tonic, stomachic, & carminative. In the present study preliminary phytochemical screening was performed for Ethanolic leaf and bark extracts and results showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins & saponins. These extracts were screened for their anti-microbial activity against the pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes & Lactobacillus by agar cup-plate method. The pattern of inhibition varied with both the extracts and the microorganism tested. Among these extracts, Ethanolic bark extract showed the significant anti-bacterial activity against most tested microbes. The most susceptible micro-organism was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter aerogenes.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: An overview of the chemical constituents present in the crude leaf extracts of M. koenigii is provided with special emphasis on their pharmacological actions.
Abstract: Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization. There is a growing demand for plant based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements and cosmetics. Murraya koenigii commonly called curry leaf tree is a multipurpose tree and is a source one of the medicinal products. Different parts of M. koenigii are used in folkloric medicine for the treatment of various diseases. It is proved to possess significant wound healing capacity and shows antioxidant activity with high degree of radical-scavenging properties. This article intends to provide an overview of the chemical constituents present in the crude leaf extracts of M. koenigii with special emphasis on their pharmacological actions. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using the crude leaf extracts in three different solvents such as water, alcohol and chloroform. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, oils, sapponins and flavanoids.
TL;DR: In this paper, four new alkenes (1-4, and six known albenes (5-12) were isolated from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and references.
Abstract: Four new alkenes (1-4), and six known alkenes (5-12) were isolated from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and references. Compounds (1-12) were evaluated for antioxidative activities. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 7 exhibited significant antioxidative activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay with IC50=21.4-49.5 μM. The known compounds (5-12) were isolated from this plant for the first time.
TL;DR: The study revealed that most of the essential oils inhibited the development of the test insect, however, the level of inhibition was highly correlated with the dose at which oils were used for treatment.
Abstract: Plants are known to be a potential source of chemicals affecting feeding, breeding and survival of insects. Present study was conducted to study the fumigant toxicity of essential oils against major insect pest of stored grain Rhizopertha dominica. The bio-efficacy of essential oils extracted from eighteen plants, namely, Aegle marmelos, Cinnamomum camphora, Citrus sp., Eucalyptus globules, Psidium guajava, Thuja orientalis, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Saraca asoca, Cannabis sativa, Murraya koenigii, Tagetes erecta, Citrus limetta, Artemisia annua, Callistemon citrinus, Ocimum gratissimum and Citrus limon was studied against R. domanica at 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025, and 0.012% concentration (v/w). The study revealed that most of the essential oils inhibited the development of the test insect. However, the level of inhibition was highly correlated with the dose at which oils were used for treatment. Among eighteen essential oils, A. marmelos, C. camphora E. globulus and T. orientalis were most effective against R. dominica because no insect developed from the grain treated with it even at lower concentration of 0.05%. All the essential oils were found highly effective at 0.2 and 0.1% concentration except A. conyzoides, S. asoca, C. sativa, O. gratissimum and Citrus sp, which permitted adult emergence during test. None of the oil was found highly effective against R. domanica at 0.025 and 0.012% concentration. The essential oil of E. globulus and T. orientalis were found moderately effective at 0.025% concentrations at which they caused 83.92 and 87.17% inhibition, respectively. Rests of the treatments were found less effective against R. dominica due to less than 70% inhibition of progeny production
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii fruits has significant anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
Abstract: Traditionally, a large number of plants are used for the treatment of inflammation and wounds. Murraya koenigii is popular Indian herb and different parts are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. However, many studies have not conducted on its fruit potential. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of Murraya koenigii fruits in rodents. The anti-inflammatory activity of the Murraya koenigii was based on its effects on carrageenan-induced paw ooedema in rats. Its wound healing effect was investigated using an excision wound model. Four hours after administration, the reduction in carrageenan-induced rat paw ooedema by low dose (100 mg/kg) and high dose (200 mg/kg) of Murraya koenigii was 42.6 and 50.3%, respectively, while ooedema reduction by indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was 55.5%. Topical application of Murraya koenigii fruit extract ointment showed significant (p<0.05) wound closure and epithelialization compared to control. This study demonstrates that the hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii fruits has significant anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Murraya koenigii may have beneficial effects in the management of dyslipidemia in type -2 DM and the existing literature and easy availability in India make it a smart lead molecule for further clinical research.
Abstract: Type-2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid, carbohydrate and proteins metabolism. Murraya koenigii is known for its widespread use as spice/herb in Indian dishes and its therapeutic uses in Ayurveda. We studied the hypolipidemic activity of Murraya koenigii in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The study was conducted using eighteen wister rats of 180-250 g. Diabetes was induced by administration of 150 g/kg intraperitoneal alloxan. Animals were separated into three groups with six animals in each group. One group received saline and served as controls, whereas other two groups received Atorvastatin 10mg/kg/PO and Murraya koenigii at a dose of 200 mg/kg/PO for one week. Diagnostic reagent kit was used to estimate plasma glucose concentration, Plasma triglyceride concentration, and total cholesterol concentration. Statistical values were expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA analyzed inferential statistics between mean. A two-tailed p-value was considered statistically significant. Administration of the test drug Murraya koenigii produced statistically significant reduction in the Triglycerides level (p
01 Nov 2016
TL;DR: The results suggest that the aqueous extract of the leaves of M. koenigii may produce its antiepileptic effects via non-specific mechanisms since it reduced the duration of seizures produced by maximal electroshock as well as delayed the latency of seizuresproduced by pentylenetetrazole.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate antiepileptic effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii L. Spreng (AEMK) on electrically and chemically induced seizures. The aqueous extract of the leaves of M. koenigii (200 and 300 mg/kg) were studied for its antiepileptic effect on maximal electroshock induced seizures and pentylenetetrazole induced seizures in mice. AEMK (200 and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) as well as protected animals from pentylenetetrazole induced tonic seizures. The results suggest that the aqueous extract of the leaves of M. koenigii may produce its antiepileptic effects via non-specific mechanisms since it reduced the duration of seizures produced by maximal electroshock as well as delayed the latency of seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The evaluated essential oils and their possible combination suppressed the progeny development of R. dominica and did not affect the germination of wheat.
Abstract: To find out the insecticidal activity of four essential oils e.g. Murraya koenigii, Curcuma longa, Calistimone. citrinus and Citrus reticulata and their possible combinations were evaluated against Rhyzopertha dominica under laboratory condition. One hundred % mortality were observed in grain treated with M. koenigii and C. citrinus essential oil at 0.2% M. koenigii + C. reticulata, M. koenigii + C. citrinus, C. reticulata + C. citrinus essential oil at 0.1% each concentration in 6 hrs after treatment. The grain treated with C. reticulata at 0.2%, C. longa + C. citrinus essential oil at 0.1% each, M. koenigii + C. reticulata + C. longa, M. koenigii + C. reticulata + C. citrinus essential oil at 0.07% each and M. koenigii + C. reticulata + C. longa + C. citrinus essential oil at 0.05% each concentration showed 76.7, 73.3, 60.0, 96.7, 93.3% mortality in 6 hrs after treatment, respectively, which increased to 100% in 12 hrs after treatment. The most of the tested essential oils either alone or in combination killed R. dominica within 12 hrs after treatment. The evaluated essential oils and their possible combination suppressed the progeny development of R. dominica and did not affect the germination of wheat.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng, Rutaceae family, 2n = 18, 4-6m in height) is an evergreen, semideciduous, ornamental tropical tree with many uses including as a spice and for medicinal purposes as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., Rutaceae family, 2n = 18, 4–6 m in height) is an evergreen, semideciduous, ornamental tropical tree with many uses including as a spice and for medicinal purposes. The leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds yield strongly scented essential oils of varying compositions. More than 100 compounds have been identified in the essential oils of different countries. Monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid, and mono and sesquiterpenoid-rich chemotypes have been reported in the leaf essential oils offering opportunity to the food industry to select desirable chemotypes to satisfy consumer preferences. The leaves and their essential oil find application as flavoring and seasoning agents in ready-to-eat food dishes and processed vegetarian and nonvegetarian food products. The essential oil is employed in soap, cosmetics, and aromatherapy industries. The essential oil and leaf products are effective in controlling stored grain, vegetable pests, and in extending shelf-life of meat and chicken patties. The essential oil exhibits antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal activities.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) extracts and found that the antioxidant defence mechanisms involving certain enzymes as well as exogenous antioxidant from plants are capable of preventing such complications.
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species generated from certain cellular processes cause tissue and cell damage and may alter the structure and functioning of proteins and nucleic acids. Endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms involving certain enzymes as well as exogenous antioxidant from plants are capable of preventing such complications. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) extracts. Water and ethanol extracts of the leaf were obtained by soxhlet extraction. In vitro antioxidant activity was by the ferric reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and the total flavonoid and flavonol levels determined. The in vivo activity was assessed using albino wistar rats which were treated with 100mg/kg of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts and ascorbic acid as positive control for six consecutive days after which a single dose (2.5mL/kg body) of CCl4 was administered except for the normal control group 24hrs later. The animals were sacrificed and the liver homogenate was used to assess the catalase activity and lipidic peroxidation. Aqueous and ethanol extracts showed ferric reducing activity and were concentration dependent. The hydrogen peroxide scavenging potential was very high at various concentrations for both extracts (between 81.2 to 99.9%) comparable to ascorbic acid. Molondialdehyde (MDA) level (lipidic peroxidation) was significantly lower (p0.05) in group 2 animals which received aqueous extract compared to group 1 (normal control) and group 4 (negative control). There was a significant difference (p0.05) in the catalase activity of group 2 animals which received aqueous extract compared to the normal control. Acute toxicity was observed in group 5 animals administered ethanol extract. Flavonoid and flavonol were greater in the ethanol extract (625.33 and 835.04 g/g of rutin) than in the aqueous extract (449.33 and 100.33 g/g of rutin) respectively. These results suggest that Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) aqueous and ethanol extracts possess antioxidant activity due to high amounts of flavonoid and flavonol. This property may partly be responsible for the medicinal application of the plant
TL;DR: In this article, four new carbazole alkaloids murrayakonines A-D were isolated together with 18 known carbazoles alkaloid alkalids.
Abstract: Four new carbazole alkaloids murrayakonines A—D are isolated together with 18 known carbazole alkaloids.
Patent•
01 Jul 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided a composition for stimulating hair growth comprising coconut oil, Phyllanthus emblica extract, Camellia Sinensis leaf extract and Murraya Koenigii stem extract, wherein said coconut oil is present in an amount of at least 50 wt% relative to the total weight of the composition.
Abstract: The invention provides a composition for stimulating hair growth comprising coconut oil, Phyllanthus emblica extract, Camellia Sinensis leaf extract and Murraya Koenigii stem extract, wherein said coconut oil is present in an amount of at least 50 wt% relative to the total weight of the composition.
TL;DR: The leaves of Murraya koenigii are known as curry leaves or ‘sweet neem’ and are extensively used for culinary purposes and are an important export commodity in India and in Sri Lanka.
Abstract: Murraya koenigii is a tropical to sub-tropical small tree belonging to the family Rutaceae distributed from the South and East Asia to Australia (Reisch et al., 1994), and is native to India. The leaves are known as curry leaves or ‘sweet neem’ and are extensively used for culinary purposes. It is an important export commodity in India and in Sri Lanka. Other plant parts are widely used for medicinal (Jain et al., 2012) and culinary purposes.
TL;DR: The International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 7 (2016) pp. 875-882 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com as discussed by the authors
Abstract: Phytochemicals are natural bioactive compounds found in plants and these are divided into two groups; primary and secondary compounds. These classes perform functions in plant metabolism. Amino acids, sugars, proteins and chlorophyll are known as primary compounds while secondary compounds consists of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds etc.(Krishnaiah et al., 2009) Since human’s existence on planet, man has been dependent on nature for curing various diseases. Herbal medicine has proved efficacious and potent in the treatment of many chronic diseases that orthodox medicine cannot cure. Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions, and to defend against attack from predators such as insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. Many of these phytochemicals have beneficial effects on long-term health when consumed by humans, and can be used to International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 7 (2016) pp. 875-882 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
TL;DR: Murraya koenigii Chloroform Extract (MKCE) has shown possible cardioprotective role against lead induced anaemia, cardiovascular diseases and ischemic heart disease by preventing haemotoxicity and by restoring thrombocytic indices and act as a good candidate for chelating agent of Pb.
Abstract: Lead is a well-known heavy metal, ubiquitous environmental toxin. Exposure to lead induces a broad range of physiological, biochemical and behavioural dysfunctions in the body. Although a very few scientific evidences reported the protective effect of plant extracts on the haemotological alternations induced by lead. The study was aimed at evaluating in vivo protective role of Murraya koenigii leaves against the noxious effects of lead on the hematological parameters. Murraya koenigii leaves were shade dried and its chloroform extract was prepared by maceration method. Male albino Swiss mice were divided into three groups. Group I was served as normal control group, Group II was injected intraperitoneally lead acetate at daily once and Group III concurrently received Murraya koenigii Chloroform Extract (MKCE) orally and intraperitoneal injection of lead acetate for 7 days. On the 8th day, blood samples were collected for assessing erythrocyte, thrombocyte and leukocyte indices. Blood lead level was determined by atomic absorption spectrometer. Values obtained from group I were considered as normal and were compared in both groups. Significant difference in haemotological indices were observed in lead-intoxicated group compared to MKCE group. Significant decrease of erythrocyte indices like Hb, RBCs count, PCV and RDW values and WBCs count (p<0.001) were found in lead-intoxicated group as compared with MKCE group. Significant alterations were observed in thrombocyte indices such as PLT (p<0.05) and P-LCR (p<0.001) in MKCE group as compared to lead-intoxicated group. Significant improved values of Hb and WBCs count (p<0.001) were observed in MKCE group. MKCE has shown possible cardioprotective role against lead induced anaemia, cardiovascular diseases and ischemic heart disease by preventing haemotoxicity and by restoring thrombocytic indices and act as a good candidate for chelating agent of Pb.
18 Jun 2016
TL;DR: Through the Pharmacognostical Phytochemical (physiochemical) quality evaluation of crude drugs powder of Murraya koengii, it is revealed that swelling index is very low value and foaming index is vary in limits that indicate the high presence of tannins.
Abstract: Aim of the research work is focused on importance of medicinal plants to reveal their importance in the pharmaceuticals. Botanical and Physico-chemical Investigation of Murraya koengii was performed. plants has most the specific pharmacological activities such as stimulant, hypoglycaemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, and hypolipidimic actions. Pharmacognostical standardization distinguished this plant drugs from others which is done by performing different methods such macroscopy, microscopy, and quantitative leaf microscopy of drug. The phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of carbohydrate, starch, steroid, glycosides, Resins, Proteins and triterpenoid, Saponins, and flavonoids. This serves as an important tool for the quality assurance of plants for future studies. Through the Pharmacognostical Phytochemical (physiochemical) quality evaluation of crude drugs powder of Murraya koengii reveals that swelling index is very low value and foaming index is vary in limits that indicate the high presence of tannins. Amount of total ash is under the permitted limits. Which implies the presence of limited amount of minerals Among heavy metals cadmium was found under permitted limits but amount of arsenic, copper and lithium, was found very high which is not beneficial for the humans.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Phytochemical properties of two aromatic medicinally important edible plants of Darrang district, Assam, viz.
Abstract: Certain phytochemical properties of two aromatic medicinally important edible plants of Darrang district, Assam, viz. Murraya Koenigii (L.) Spreng and Mentha spicata L., has been studied using six different extract solutions- Methanol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether, Benzene, Hexane and water. Both the plants contain more or less amount of tannin, flavonoids, phenol and alkaloid. Saponin is absent in Murraya koenigii. Anthraquinone, steroid, reducing sugar and resin are absent in both the plants. Mentha spicata contains trapezoid.