Showing papers on "Negative impedance converter published in 2006"

Implications of the negative capacitance observed at forward bias in nanocomposite and polycrystalline solar cells.

Abstract: Four different types of solar cells prepared in different laboratories have been characterized by impedance spectroscopy (IS): thin-film CdS/CdTe devices, an extremely thin absorber (eta) solar cell made with microporous TiO2/In(OH)xSy/PbS/PEDOT, an eta-solar cell of nanowire ZnO/CdSe/CuSCN, and a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with Spiro-OMeTAD as the transparent hole conductor. A negative capacitance behavior has been observed in all of them at high forward bias, independent of material type (organic and inorganic), configuration, and geometry of the cells studied. The experiments suggest a universality of the underlying phenomenon giving rise to this effect in a broad range of solar cell devices. An equivalent circuit model is suggested to explain the impedance and capacitance spectra, with an inductive recombination pathway that is activated at forward bias. The deleterious effect of negative capacitance on the device performance is discussed, by comparison of the results obtained for a...

Method and apparatus for controlling current supplied to electronic devices

Abstract: The present invention provides a drive and control apparatus provides a desired switched current to a load including a string of one or more electronic devices. A voltage conversion means, based on an input control signal converts the magnitude of the voltage from the power supply to another magnitude that is desired at the high side of the load. A dimming control means provides control for activation and deactivation of the load and may further provide a means for current limiting. A feedback means is coupled to the voltage conversion means and a current sensing means and provides a control signal to the voltage conversion means that is indicative of voltage drop across the current sensing means which represents the current flowing through the load. Based on the control signal received, the voltage conversion means can subsequently adjust its output voltage such that a constant switched current is provided to the load.

Voltage-source active power filter based on multilevel converter and ultracapacitor DC link

Abstract: A new topology for active power filters (APF) using an 81-level converter is analyzed. Each phase of the converter is composed of four three-state converters, all of them connected to the same capacitor dc link voltage and their output connected in series through output transformers. The main advantages of this kind of converter are the negligible harmonic distortion obtained and the very low switching frequency operation. The single-phase equivalent circuit is analyzed and their governing equations derived. The dc link voltage control, based on manipulating the converter's voltage phase, is analyzed together with the circuit's characteristics that determine the capability to draw or deliver active and reactive current. Simulation results for this application are compared with conventional pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converters, showing that this filter can compensate load current harmonics, keeping better-quality sinusoidal currents from the source. The simulated configuration uses a 1-F ultracapacitor in the dc link, making it possible to store energy and deliver it during short voltage dips. This is achieved by applying a modulation control to maintain a stable ac voltage during dc voltage drops. A prototype of the filter was implemented and tested, and the obtained current waveforms showed to be as good as expected.

Voltage Fed and Current Fed Full Bridge Converter for the Use in Three Phase Grid Connected Fuel Cell Systems

Abstract: Fuel cells for low or medium power deliver comparatively low voltages compared to the mains voltage at high currents. A high dc-link voltage is needed to feed in electrical energy from fuel cells to the mains via a voltage source inverter. Several well known dc/dc converters can be used to transform the varying fuel cell voltage to the requested amplitude of the dc-link-voltage. Besides transformerless converters like the boost converter, converters with high frequency transformers can be used. In the considered higher power range, the full-bridge converter circuit is the appropriate solution. Depending on their input circuit, the converters are classified between voltage fed and current fed full bridge converter. In this paper, full bridge converters of the voltage type and of the current type as active front end for fuel cell inverters in the power range of 20 kW and higher are analysed and compared to each other. The focus is set on the operating behavior, the system complexity and the efficiency of the different converters.

Led lighting circuit and illumination fixture using it

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To uniformize the light output from numerous LEDs and to suppress power consumption for its uniformization in an LED lighting circuit used for an illumination fixture or the like. SOLUTION: A current from a DC-DC converter 35 to an LED module 32 is detected by a resistor R2, the detected current is compared with a reference voltage Vref from the reference voltage source 38 in a comparison circuit 37, and the DC-DC converter 35 is controlled by a control circuit 36 in response to its result, thereby totally controlling a load current by a constant current control. Furthermore, in the respective LED load circuits U1 to U3 constituting the module 32, control elements Q1 to Q3 constituting a current mirror are installed in series, an impedance element A is installed in series against the element Q1 to prepare a reference current, and the voltage drop in its system is made to be the maximum. Accordingly, even if there is variance in an ON voltage Vf, current values in the respective circuits U1 to U3 are equally controlled, and the light output can be equalized. Moreover, a circuit to prepare only the reference current is not required, and a loss of that share is eliminated. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

A High Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based on Three-State Switching Cell

Abstract: A new non-isolated boost converter with high voltage gain is proposed on this work This converter is suitable for applications with a high voltage gain between the input and the output In this converter, for a given duty cycle, the output to input voltage ratio can be raised by adding transformer turns Another important feature of this converter is the lower blocking voltage across the controlled switches compared to similar circuits, which allows the utilization of MOSFETs switches with lower conduction resistances RDS(on) In order to verify the feasibility of this topology; principle of operation, theoretical analysis, and experimental waveforms are shown for a 1 kW assembled prototype

DC-DC converter having protective function of over-voltage and over-current and led driving circuit using the same

Abstract: The invention relates to a DC-DC converter having over-current/over-voltage protection function and an LED driving circuit using the same. The DC-DC converter adjusts a width of a switching pulse outputted from a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller to control on/off durations of a switch, thereby providing a controlled level of voltage to a load. The DC-DC converter includes a microcontroller for detecting a voltage, and if the detected voltage is greater than a reference voltage, generating an alarm signal. The DC-DC converter further includes a digital-analogue converter for outputting a voltage of 0V and an analogue dimmer for generating a control signal that changes an ‘on’ duration of the switching pulse outputted from the PWM controller to 0 and providing the control signal to the PWM controller.

Circuit and method for controlling DC-DC converter

Abstract: A DC-DC converter for generating a stable output voltage and being applicable to a transient load fluctuation. The DC-DC converter detects an input current, and compares the input current with a rated current of an external power supply. The DC-DC converter controls a positive charging current that is supplied to a secondary battery in accordance with a consumption current of a load so that the input current does not exceed the rated current. The DC-DC converter further controls a negative charging current that is supplied from the secondary battery to the load when the load requires an input current exceeding the rated current.

Battery management apparatus

Abstract: When impedance calculating conditions are satisfied after a system is started, the impedance Zn of a battery is calculated using the current of the battery I, a time variation in open circuit voltage DVOC thereof, a time variation in terminal voltage DVB thereof, a time variation in current DIB thereof, and a time variation in impedance DZ thereof (S6). The ratio Krz of the calculated impedance Zn to the initial impedance Zi is calculated (S7). The impedance ratio Krz is subjected to weighting and averaging, thus obtaining a weighted average Krc (S8). When the system is terminated, an impedance-correction-coefficient learned value Krl is updated using the weighted average Krc (S10). Thus, a change in impedance of the battery can be accurately grasped. Advantageously, parameters indicating the state of the battery, e.g., the remaining capacity thereof, reflect the change in impedance, resulting in accurate battery management.

Band-gap reference voltage generator

Abstract: A band-gap reference voltage generator includes a first reference current generator, a second reference current generator, and a reference voltage generator. The first reference current generator includes: a driver generating a first reference current in response to a first voltage signal generated by comparison of the unique voltage and the thermal voltage. The second reference current generator includes a driver generating a second reference current in response to a second voltage signal generated by comparison of a division voltage of a power-supply voltage and the unique voltage. The reference voltage generator includes a driver forming current mirrors in association with each of the first reference current generator and the second reference current generator, respectively, and generating a third reference current and a fourth reference current via the formed current mirrors, and a current-voltage converter converting the sum of the third reference current and the fourth reference current into a reference voltage, and outputting the reference voltage.

Current Source for Multifrequency Broadband Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Systems. A Novel Approach

Abstract: New research and clinical applications of broadband electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy arise; increasing the upper limit frequency used in the measurement systems. The current source, an essential block of an electrical bioimpedance impedance analyzer, must have a large-enough output impedance at any frequency of operation to keep the output current constant regardless of the value of working load. In this paper a novel approach to increase the output impedance of a common voltage controlled current source is proposed. The circuit is analyzed, implemented and tested. The results, remarking the significant effect of the circuit parasitic capacitances, show a clear increment of the output impedance, but smaller than the originally expected.

Broadband noise reduction of piezoelectric smart panel featuring negative-capacitive-converter shunt circuit

Abstract: A broadband noise reduction of a piezoelectric smart panel featuring a negative capacitance converter (NCC) shunt circuit is experimentally investigated. Piezoelectric shunt damping utilized on the panel structure is attractive for noise reduction especially at low resonance frequencies of the structure. To achieve a broadband noise reduction, however, a multimode shunt is necessary. The NCC circuit can be an ideal broadband shunt circuit by nullifying the capacitance of the piezoelectric patch with the circuit. Since the intrinsic capacitance of the patch is not constant with the frequency, the broadband shunt performance of the NCC can be deteriorated. Thus, we introduce the dual-patch NCC circuit on the smart panel. The proposed concept is explained and the tuning and implementation procedures are addressed. The noise reduction performance of the panel is tested in terms of transmission loss according to the standard transmitted noise measurement. The broadband damping performance of the smart panel featuring a dual-patch NCC shunt is compared with the panels featuring resonant shunt circuit and ordinary NCC shunt circuit in terms of acceleration and noise transmission loss. It is found that the dual-patch NCC shunt is more efficient than ordinary NCC and resonant shunt for achieving broadband noise reduction with smart panels.

Electrical impedance for an electrolytic cell.

Abstract: We analyze in which experimental conditions the concept of electrical impedance is useful for an electrolytic cell. The analysis is performed by solving numerically the differential equations governing the phenomenon of the redistribution of the ions in the presence of an external electric field and comparing the results with the ones obtained by solving the linear approximation of these equations. The control parameter in our study is the amplitude of the applied voltage, assumed a simple harmonic function of the time. We show that the bulk distribution of ions close to the electrodes differs from the one obtained by means of the linear analysis already for small amplitudes of the applied voltage. Nevertheless, the concept of electrical impedance remains valid. For larger amplitudes, the current in the circuit is no longer harmonic at the same frequency of the applied voltage. Therefore the concept of electrical impedance is no longer meaningful. The impedance spectroscopy technique is a powerful method for characterizing several electrical properties of me- dia 1. According to this technique, a sample of the material to be characterized is submitted to an external electrical volt- age of amplitude V0 and frequency f = /2 and the elec- trical current in the external circuit, I, is measured. By as- suming that the system is linear, the current I is harmonic as the applied voltage and the amplitude of the current is pro- portional to V0 2,3. In this framework, the electrical imped- ance Z, defined as the applied voltage divided by the current, is independent of the amplitude of the applied voltage. From the analysis of the frequency dependence of Z it is possible to deduce the equivalent dielectric constant and equivalent conductivity 4, or the real and imaginary parts of the com- plex dielectric constant 5, of the sample under consider- ation. These quantities are not molecular properties of the material to be investigated, but depend, usually, on the thick- ness of the sample. The true phenomenological parameters characterizing the medium from the dielectric point of view are then derived by means of a theoretical model 6. The impedance spectroscopy technique is based on the fundamental assumption that the system behaves as a linear system 7. Only in this case the concept of electrical imped- ance can be defined. When the system behaves nonlinearly, even if the applied voltage is harmonic, the electrical current in the circuit contains all the harmonics of higher order. The presence of second- and third-order harmonics is responsible for a deviation from the ellipsoidal shape of the parametric curve representing the current versus the applied voltage. Consequently, the electrical impedance depends on the am- plitude of the applied voltage and on the time. In this case, in our opinion, it is no longer possible to derive the dielectric properties of the medium from the analysis of the electrical impedance only. Our aim is to investigate under which conditions the con- cept of electrical impedance can be useful from an experi- mental point of view. In our analysis we consider the case of an electrolytic cell 8. In this case the fundamental equa- tions describing the redistribution of the ions in the presence of an external electric field are the continuity and drift- diffusion equations for the ions and the Poisson equation for the actual electrical potential 9. These equations are pre- sented in Sec. II in their general form. The case in which the fundamental equations of the problem can be linearized is also discussed and the concept of electrical impedance intro- duced. In Sec. III, we compare the numerical solutions for the bulk densities of the ions and for the electric potential across the sample with the solutions obtained by means of the linearized equations. As expected, the two are in good agreement when the amplitude of the applied voltage is small with respect to the thermal voltage—i.e., of the order of 25 mV for monovalent ions at room temperature. Increasing the amplitude of the applied voltage, the agreement is poorer

Design of a High Power, High Step-Up Non-isolated DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell applications

Abstract: In this paper, a high power, high step-up non-isolated DC-DC converter for fuel cell application is designed. The studied converter is connected to a fuel cell stack which generates electrical power of 30 kW under 55 V. The load is a battery pack with maximal voltage amplitude of around 620 V. The proposed converter allows to stand-up the fuel cell voltage to the battery pack voltage with fuel cell undulation current lower than 1% of the nominal current. Simulation results are presented in order to validate the proposed converter structure and the evolution of the converter efficiency will be investigated.

Load-imposed instability and performance degradation in a regulated converter

Abstract: The stability and performance of a regulated converter is analysed based on its closed-loop output impedance. System theory is used to obtain a set of transfer functions that define the internal stability of an interconnected system consisting of source and load converters. The internal stability is described in terms of the ratio of the output impedance of the source converter and the input impedance of the load converter known as the minor-loop gain. Thus, the closed-loop output impedance of a source converter can be used to define safe operating areas that avoid instabilities in the load impedance. It is shown that the margins associated with the minor-loop gain (i.e. the gain and phase margins) do not generally match the margins of the output-voltage loop gain. The relationship is especially weak at frequencies close to and beyond the crossover frequency of the loop gain. This means that the margins given to the minor-loop gain should be gradually increased as the voltage-loop-gain crossover frequency is approached so as to avoid performance degradation (i.e. changes in margins and crossover frequency) in the supply converter. Experimental evidence is provided based on a buck converter under voltage- and peak-current-mode control.

Voltage reference circuit

Abstract: A voltage reference circuit including a positive temperature coefficient current generator, a negative temperature coefficient current generator, and a first resistor is provided. In the positive temperature coefficient current generator, two transistors are operated in the weak inversion region, and a second resistor is connected in series between the gates of the two transistors. The second resistor employs the characteristic that a transistor operated in weak inversion region acts like a bipolar junction transistor to generate a positive temperature coefficient current. The negative temperature coefficient current generator generates a negative temperature coefficient current in response to a negative temperature coefficient voltage drop on a third resistor. The positive temperature coefficient current and the negative temperature coefficient current flow through the first resistor together, thus producing a stable reference voltage.

A Simple Current Control for Matrix Converter

Abstract: As the matrix converter performs electric energy direct transfer from the input to the output, the distortion and the unbalance of the input voltages affects directly the output of the matrix converter. This paper presents a new and simple current control for matrix converter based on the fact that if the magnitude of the output current space vector is constant, the output currents are sinusoidal and balanced. With this current control, it is possible to compensate the output of the matrix converter under unbalanced and distorted input voltage conditions without the need of symmetrical components decomposition of the input voltage or reference frame conversions. So it is not necessary heavy computation capability and the hardware implementation is very simple. The proposed current control scheme employs only one PI regulator and since that the space vector modulation is applied in this control, the switching frequency of the converter is kept constant

AC coupling circuit integrated with receiver with hybrid stable common-mode voltage generation and baseline-wander compensation

Abstract: In a receiver, an AC-coupling solution uses a fully integrated circuit for simultaneously providing both baseline wander compensation and common-mode voltage generation. Usefully, an integrated capacitor is placed between the receiver input pin and the input buffer, and a high resistive impedance element is connected to the internal high-speed data node after the capacitor. An on-chip voltage generation and correction circuit is connected to the other side of the impedance element to generate a common-mode voltage, and to provide dynamic, fine adjustment for the received data voltage level. The voltage correction circuit is controlled by the feedback of data detected by the clock and data recovery unit (CDRU) of the receiver. The feedback data passes through a weighting element, wherein the amount of feedback gain is adjustable to provide a summing weight and thereby achieve a desired BLW compensation. Register bits are used to control an on-chip reference voltage generator that consists of a resistor ladder to generate the reference voltage.

Method and apparatus for output driver calibration

Abstract: An output driver calibration circuit determines calibration values for configuring adjustable impedance output drivers. Output drivers are calibrated by generating a first variable count in response to comparing a reference voltage to a first voltage at a calibration terminal when an external load is connected. A first pull-up impedance circuit is varied in response to a first variable count and varying an impedance in a second variable pull-up impedance circuit in response to the first variable count. A second variable count is generated responsive to comparing the reference voltage to a second voltage at a reference node between the second variable pull-up impedance circuit and a serially connected to a variable pull-down impedance circuit. The impedance to the variable pull-down impedance circuit is varied in response to the second variable count. The first and second variable counts for configuring the output drivers are output when a steady state is achieved.

A single-inductor multiple-output converter with peak current state-machine control

Abstract: An integrated single-inductor multiple positive/negative output dual-loop DC-DC converter with multiplexed rectifiers for TFT LCD display supply will be presented. The converter operates with a tiny chip-size inductor. Based on the physical behavior of the inductor a very robust power stage will be shown, which can service an unlimited number of positive and negative output channels with a single inductor. All the different voltage levels (positive and negative) will be regulated independently on a cycle by cycle base. There are two different types of regulation loops running in the converter. The control of the individual channels is managed by a state machine (first loop) which takes care of the power stage switching pattern and allows the hysteretic converter to run in a pseudo continuous current mode to guarantee a high power conversion capability. The second loop works as a variable peak current control to minimize the inductor current. It will be demonstrated why running with a controlled peak current also yields in a small output voltage ripple and how the state-machine can help to further control the amount of energy delivered into one output channel. To achieve even lower ripple voltages below 10mV and high accuracy the main output is post-regulated by a tracking current-mode LDO. Finally the whole TPS6512X architecture with the multi-output converter, LDO's and control circuitry will be shown. The converter with 4.5ksqmil chip-size fits in a 16-pin 3/spl times/3 QFN package. Due to the high maximum switching frequency of the device a single, inexpensive and ultra-thin 10/spl mu/H inductor can be used, which offers a very compact and small power supply solution to provide all voltage levels required by small form-factor TFT-LCD panels.

Fault-Tolerant Multilevel Converter Topology

Abstract: This paper presents a modified topology of the neutral-point-clamped converter. The main change consists on adding a fourth leg, which is based on the flying-capacitor converter structure. The aim of this additional leg is to provide fault tolerance to the converter. Furthermore, during normal operation mode, this leg is able to provide a stiff neutral voltage. Consequently, the low-frequency voltage oscillations that appear in the neutral point of the standard three-level topology for some operation conditions no longer exist. As a result, the modulation strategy of the three main legs of the converter does not have to take care of voltage balance, and it can be design to achieve optimal output voltage waveforms, as well as to improve efficiency of the converter. Some simulation results are presented to show viability of this approach under both, normal operation mode and fault event. Experimental results are expected to include in the final paper.

Power supply and electronic ballast with voltage clamping circuit

Abstract: A circuit ( 20 ) for powering a load ( 50 ) includes a rectifier circuit ( 200 ), a voltage clamping circuit ( 300 ), and a DC-to-DC converter ( 400 ) such as a buck-boost converter. Voltage clamping circuit ( 300 ) is coupled between the rectifier circuit ( 200 ) and the DC-to-DC converter ( 400 ), and functions to prevent the input voltage (V IN ) of the DC-to-DC converter ( 400 ) from exceeding a predetermined acceptable level, so as to protect the DC-to-DC converter ( 400 ) from damage due to transients in a voltage (V AC ) provided by an AC line source ( 40 ). Preferably, voltage clamping circuit ( 300 ) is realized by an arrangement that includes a voltage divider circuit ( 320 ), a voltage sensing circuit ( 340 ), and an energy-limiting circuit ( 360 ), and is well-suited for use in power supplies and in electronic ballasts for powering gas discharge lamps.

DC-DC converter for overvoltage protection

Abstract: A DC-DC converter for overvoltage protection is provided with a primary control circuit 12 which comprises an impedance controller 31 and a protective circuit 41 for ceasing operation of primary control circuit 12 when power source voltage V CC on primary control circuit 12 exceeds a predetermined voltage level. Impedance controller 31 comprises a potential detector 32 for picking out power source voltage V CC to primary control circuit 12 to produce a detection signal; and an impedance adjuster 33 for adjusting power input impedance Z in primary control circuit 12 in response to the detection signal from potential detector 32 to repress rapid rise in power source voltage on primary control circuit 12.

Power system for fuel-cell vehicle

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stabilize current and voltage control in a power system for a fuel-cell vehicle, capable of stably supplying current and voltage to a load by collaboratively controlling two DC-DC converters. SOLUTION: The power system for the fuel cell vehicle has an in-vehicle motor 16 for propelling; a fuel cell 11 and a storage device 13 connected in parallel to the motor 16; the first DC-DC converter 12 disposed between the fuel cell 11 and the motor 16; the second DC-DC converter 14 disposed between the storage device 13 and the motor 16; the second current sensor 35 for detecting input current of the first DC-DC converter 12; a system voltage sensor 31 for detecting an output voltage of the second DC-DC converter 14; and a control unit 22 for performing feedback control of the first DC-DC converter 12 so that the current value detected by the second current sensor 35 may become the target current and performing feedback control, so that the voltage value detected by the system voltage sensor 31 may become the target voltage. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Basic Study of Application for Elasticity Control of Piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate Materials using Negative-Capacitance Circuits to Sound Shielding Technology

Abstract: We report a novel elasticity control technique for piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics using an electric circuit that behaves as a "negative capacitor" (hereafter referred to as a negative-capacitance circuit) for application to sound shielding technology. A feature of this technology using an optimized negative-capacitance circuit is effective sound attenuation regardless of the PZT ceramic type or frequency ranges of the noise. In this experiment, we prepared three types of PZT ceramic with different dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics. We improved the circuit constants of negative-capacitance circuits for the three kinds of PZT ceramic with different physical properties. We measured the transmission loss attenuation factor of the three types of PZT ceramic in the frequency range from 1 to 100 kHz. We found that the transmission loss attenuation factors of all three types of ceramic were greater than 20 dB in the frequency range from 1 to 100 kHz.

Analysis of DC-DC converter stability in fuel cell powered portable electronic systems

Abstract: Fuel cell is an emerging power source for portable electronic systems. The steady state DC output of a fuel cell suffers from a 2 to 1 voltage variation from no load to full load. A boost type DC-DC converter is employed to generate a regulated output voltage. The internal impedance of the fuel cell consists of a membrane resistance R m , and two parallel resistor/capacitor (R p1 -C 1 ; R p2 -C 2 ) elements related to the electron transport phenomena in the anode and cathode. It is shown that this internal impedance can influence the dynamic response of the DC-DC converter, often in a manner that degrades regulator performance. In this paper the effect of the fuel cell internal impedance on the dynamic performance of the power converter is fully analyzed. Design inequalities are reviewed in per-unit quantities to better understand the interaction between the converter, fuel cell and potential instability conditions. An approach to utilize supercapacitors to enhance stability and improve dynamics is explored. A method to calculate the value of the supercapacitor required is also detailed. Finally, experimental results obtained on a 30W PEM fuel cell system powering a DC-DC boost converter are discussed in detail.

Power converter able to rapidly respond to fast changes in load current

Abstract: According to an embodiment, in a DC/DC converter delivering current to load, a method is provided for rapidly responding to changes in load current. The method includes: detecting fast changes in load current; and when a fast change in load current is detected, providing non-linear control of the DC/DC converter.

Analysis of a boost converter with tapped inductor and reduced voltage stress across the buffer capacitor

Abstract: A step-up converter with tapped inductor is analyzed. Compared to the classical boost converter, the structure has been slightly modified which offers the advantage of reduced voltage stress across the buffer capacitor and due to a transformer the voltage transformation rate is changed. The classical and most common converter uses a simple inductor, leading to the disadvantage of extreme duty ratios when high voltage transfer ratios are needed. To meet such requirements, a tapped inductor (autotransformer) can be used instead of the ordinary inductor thus avoiding excessive duty ratios. After basic analyses in the continuous inductor current mode, important data for the dimensioning of the components, like the voltage and the current stress, and the equations for the component values are given. Moreover, a state space model and linearized transfer functions for the control of the converter are derived. When transformed into a bidirectional converter, it can be used for coupling two voltage links and as a two quadrant chopper for DC motors. To verify the proper function of this modified boost topology, a small test converter has been designed. Measurement results and a more precise model are given in the appendix.